What is an Object Repository in Selenium?

An Object Repository in Selenium is a centralized storage for UI element locators, making test automation more maintainable and scalable. Instead of hardcoding element locators like XPath, CSS selectors, or IDs directly into test scripts, an object repository stores them separately, allowing easy updates when UI changes occur.

There are two main ways to implement an object repository:

• Using a Properties File: This approach involves storing element locators in a key-value format in a .properties file. The test script retrieves the locator dynamically, reducing redundancy and improving maintainability.
• Using Page Object Model (POM) with Page Factory: An organized method where each web page is defined as a class, encapsulating its elements and the interactions associated with them. This method improves code organization, readability, and reusability.

Benefits of Using an Object Repository:

• Reduces Code Duplication: Storing locators separately avoids repeating them in multiple test scripts.
• Enhances Maintainability: If an element’s locator changes, updating it in one place reflects across all test cases.
• Improves Readability: Test scripts focus on the test logic rather than element identification.
• Supports Scalability: Helps manage large automation projects efficiently.

For small projects, a properties file works well. For larger projects, the Page Object Model (POM) with Page Factory is the preferred approach as it provides better structure and maintainability.