What is Alert in Selenium?

An Alert in Selenium refers to a browser pop-up that appears as a notification or prompt, requiring user interaction. Selenium WebDriver provides methods to handle these alerts, which are classified into three types:

Types of Alerts in Selenium:

• Simple Alert - Displays a message with an "OK" button.
• Confirmation Alert - Asks for confirmation with "OK" and "Cancel" buttons.
• Prompt Alert - Contains a text box for user input along with "OK" and "Cancel" buttons.

Handling Alerts in Selenium:

• Accept the alert → Clicks "OK".
• Dismiss the alert → Clicks "Cancel".
• Get text from the alert → Retrieves the message displayed.
• Send input to a prompt alert → Enters text into a text box (for prompt alerts only).

Important Note: If an operation tries to interact with an alert that is not present or has already been closed in the browser, a NoAlertPresentException is thrown.

Why Handle Alerts in Selenium?

• Prevents test execution from being blocked (alerts must be handled before proceeding).
• Automates user interactions that involve pop-ups.
• Validates alert messages in test cases.

Use Cases

• Handling browser security pop-ups.
• Managing JavaScript alerts triggered by form validations.
• Testing user interactions with confirmation dialogs.

Alerts are common in web applications for notifications, confirmations, and user inputs. Selenium’s alert handling methods ensure smooth automation by interacting with these pop-ups seamlessly.