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How to use getCurrentContext method of org.openqa.selenium.remote.tracing.opentelemetry.OpenTelemetryTracer class

Best Selenium code snippet using org.openqa.selenium.remote.tracing.opentelemetry.OpenTelemetryTracer.getCurrentContext

...51  @Test52  public void shouldBeAbleToCreateATracer() {53    List<SpanData> allSpans = new ArrayList<>();54    Tracer tracer = createTracer(allSpans);55    try (Span span = tracer.getCurrentContext().createSpan("parent")) {56      span.setAttribute("cheese", "gouda");57      span.setStatus(Status.NOT_FOUND);58    }59    Set<SpanData> values = allSpans.stream()60      .filter(data -> data.getAttributes().containsKey("cheese"))61      .collect(Collectors.toSet());62    assertThat(values).hasSize(1);63    assertThat(values).element(0)64        .extracting(SpanData::getStatus).isEqualTo(io.opentelemetry.trace.Status.NOT_FOUND);65    assertThat(values).element(0)66        .extracting(el -> el.getAttributes().get("cheese").getStringValue()).isEqualTo("gouda");67  }68  @Test69  public void nestingSpansInTheSameThreadShouldWork() {70    List<SpanData> allSpans = new ArrayList<>();71    Tracer tracer = createTracer(allSpans);72    try (Span parent = tracer.getCurrentContext().createSpan("parent")) {73      try (Span child = parent.createSpan("child")) {74        child.setAttribute("cheese", "camembert");75      }76    }77    SpanData parent = allSpans.stream().filter(data -> data.getName().equals("parent"))78        .findFirst().orElseThrow(NoSuchElementException::new);79    SpanData child = allSpans.stream().filter(data -> data.getName().equals("child"))80        .findFirst().orElseThrow(NoSuchElementException::new);81    assertThat(child.getParentSpanId()).isEqualTo(parent.getSpanId());82  }83  @Test84  public void nestingSpansFromDifferentThreadsIsFineToo() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {85    List<SpanData> allSpans = new ArrayList<>();86    Tracer tracer = createTracer(allSpans);87    try (Span parent = tracer.getCurrentContext().createSpan("parent")) {88      Future<?> future = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor().submit(() -> {89        try (Span child = parent.createSpan("child")) {90          child.setAttribute("cheese", "gruyere");91        }92      });93      future.get();94    }95    SpanData parent = allSpans.stream().filter(data -> data.getName().equals("parent"))96        .findFirst().orElseThrow(NoSuchElementException::new);97    SpanData child = allSpans.stream().filter(data -> data.getName().equals("child"))98        .findFirst().orElseThrow(NoSuchElementException::new);99    assertThat(child.getParentSpanId()).isEqualTo(parent.getSpanId());100  }101  @Test102  public void currentSpanIsKeptOnTracerCorrectlyWithinSameThread() {103    List<SpanData> allSpans = new ArrayList<>();104    Tracer tracer = createTracer(allSpans);105    try (Span parent = tracer.getCurrentContext().createSpan("parent")) {106      assertThat(parent.getId()).isEqualTo(tracer.getCurrentContext().getId());107      try (Span child = parent.createSpan("child")) {108        assertThat(child.getId()).isEqualTo(tracer.getCurrentContext().getId());109      }110      assertThat(parent.getId()).isEqualTo(tracer.getCurrentContext().getId());111    }112  }113  @Test114  public void currentSpanIsKeptOnTracerCorrectlyBetweenThreads() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {115    List<SpanData> allSpans = new ArrayList<>();116    Tracer tracer = createTracer(allSpans);117    try (Span parent = tracer.getCurrentContext().createSpan("parent")) {118      assertThat(parent.getId()).isEqualTo(tracer.getCurrentContext().getId());119      Future<?> future = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor().submit(() -> {120        Span child = null;121        try {122          child = parent.createSpan("child");123          assertThat(child.getId()).isEqualTo(tracer.getCurrentContext().getId());124        } finally {125          assert child != null;126          child.close();127        }128        // At this point, the parent span is undefind, but shouldn't be null129        assertThat(parent.getId()).isNotEqualTo(tracer.getCurrentContext().getId());130        assertThat(child.getId()).isNotEqualTo(tracer.getCurrentContext().getId());131        assertThat(tracer.getCurrentContext().getId()).isNotNull();132      });133      future.get();134      assertThat(parent.getId()).isEqualTo(tracer.getCurrentContext().getId());135    }136  }137  @Test138  public void cleverShenanigansRepresentingWhatWeSeeInTheRouter() {139    List<SpanData> allSpans = new ArrayList<>();140    Tracer tracer = createTracer(allSpans);141    CombinedHandler handler = new CombinedHandler();142    ExecutorService executors = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();143    handler.addHandler(Route.get("/status").to(() -> req -> {144      try (Span span = HttpTracing.newSpanAsChildOf(tracer, req, "status")) {145        executors.submit(span.wrap(() -> new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList("cheese", "peas")))).get();146        CompletableFuture<String> toReturn = new CompletableFuture<>();147        executors.submit(() -> {148          try {...

Source: OpenTelemetryTracer.java

...29    this.telemetryFormat = new OpenTelemetryPropagator(30        tracer, Require.nonNull("Formatter", httpTextFormat));31  }32  @Override33  public TraceContext getCurrentContext() {34    return new OpenTelemetryContext(tracer, Context.current());35  }36  @Override37  public Propagator getPropagator() {38    return telemetryFormat;39  }40}...

getCurrentContext

Using AI Code Generation

1import org.openqa.selenium.remote.tracing.opentelemetry.OpenTelemetryTracer;2OpenTelemetryTracer otTracer = new OpenTelemetryTracer();3SpanContext spanContext = otTracer.getCurrentContext();4System.out.println("SpanContext: " + spanContext);5import org.openqa.selenium.remote.tracing.opentelemetry.OpenTelemetryTracer;6OpenTelemetryTracer otTracer = new OpenTelemetryTracer();7Span span = otTracer.getSpan();8System.out.println("Span: " + span);9import org.openqa.selenium.remote.tracing.opentelemetry.OpenTelemetryTracer;10OpenTelemetryTracer otTracer = new OpenTelemetryTracer();11Tracer tracer = otTracer.getTracer();12System.out.println("Tracer: " + tracer);13import org.openqa.selenium.remote.tracing.opentelemetry.OpenTelemetryTracer;14OpenTelemetryTracer otTracer = new OpenTelemetryTracer();15String tracerName = otTracer.getTracerName();16System.out.println("TracerName: " + tracerName);17import org.openqa.selenium.remote.tracing.opentelemetry.OpenTelemetryTracer;18OpenTelemetryTracer otTracer = new OpenTelemetryTracer();19String tracerVersion = otTracer.getTracerVersion();20System.out.println("TracerVersion: " + tracerVersion);21import org.openqa.selenium.remote.tracing.opentelemetry.OpenTelemetryTracer;22OpenTelemetryTracer otTracer = new OpenTelemetryTracer();23Span span = otTracer.startSpan("SpanName", Span.Kind.CLIENT);24System.out.println("Span: " + span);25import org.openqa.selenium.remote.tracing.opentelemetry.OpenTelemetryTracer;

getCurrentContext

Using AI Code Generation

1OpenTelemetryTracer tracer = new OpenTelemetryTracer(OpenTelemetry.getTracer("selenium"));2tracer.getCurrentContext();3OpenTelemetryTracer tracer = new OpenTelemetryTracer(OpenTelemetry.getTracer("selenium"));4tracer.getCurrentContext();5OpenTelemetryTracer tracer = new OpenTelemetryTracer(OpenTelemetry.getTracer("selenium"));6tracer.getCurrentContext();7OpenTelemetryTracer tracer = new OpenTelemetryTracer(OpenTelemetry.getTracer("selenium"));8tracer.getCurrentContext();9OpenTelemetryTracer tracer = new OpenTelemetryTracer(OpenTelemetry.getTracer("selenium"));10tracer.getCurrentContext();11OpenTelemetryTracer tracer = new OpenTelemetryTracer(OpenTelemetry.getTracer("selenium"));12tracer.getCurrentContext();13OpenTelemetryTracer tracer = new OpenTelemetryTracer(OpenTelemetry.getTracer("selenium"));14tracer.getCurrentContext();15OpenTelemetryTracer tracer = new OpenTelemetryTracer(OpenTelemetry.getTracer("selenium"));16tracer.getCurrentContext();17OpenTelemetryTracer tracer = new OpenTelemetryTracer(OpenTelemetry.getTracer("selenium"));18tracer.getCurrentContext();19OpenTelemetryTracer tracer = new OpenTelemetryTracer(OpenTelemetry.getTracer("selenium"));20tracer.getCurrentContext();

getCurrentContext

Using AI Code Generation

1public class OpenTelemetryTracerExample {2    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {3        OpenTelemetryTracer tracer = new OpenTelemetryTracer();4        Span span = tracer.getCurrentContext().makeCurrent().spanBuilder("span").startSpan();5        Context context = tracer.getCurrentContext();6        System.out.println(context.toString());7    }8}9Context{span=Span{traceId=00000000000000000000000000000000, spanId=0000000000000000, traceFlags=1, traceState={}, parentSpanId=null, hasRemoteParent=false, name=span, kind=INTERNAL, status=Status{canonicalCode=OK, description=null}, endEpochNanos=0, totalRecordedEvents=0, totalRecordedLinks=0, totalAttributeCount=0, totalRecordedEventsPerSpan=0, totalRecordedLinksPerSpan=0}, spanLimits=SpanLimits{maxNumberOfAttributes=32, maxNumberOfEvents=128, maxNumberOfLinks=32, maxNumberOfAttributesPerEvent=32, maxNumberOfAttributesPerLink=32}}

getCurrentContext

Using AI Code Generation

1OpenTelemetryTracer tracer = new OpenTelemetryTracer(OpenTelemetry.getTracer("selenium"));2Span span = tracer.getCurrentContext().getSpan();3System.out.println("Span name: " + span.getName());4System.out.println("Span id: " + span.getSpanContext().getSpanId());5System.out.println("Trace id: " + span.getSpanContext().getTraceId());6OpenTelemetryTracer tracer = new OpenTelemetryTracer(OpenTelemetry.getTracer("selenium"));7Span span = tracer.getCurrentSpan();8System.out.println("Span name: " + span.getName());9System.out.println("Span id: " + span.getSpanContext().getSpanId());10System.out.println("Trace id: " + span.getSpanContext().getTraceId());11OpenTelemetryTracer tracer = new OpenTelemetryTracer(OpenTelemetry.getTracer("selenium"));12Span span = tracer.createSpan("new span");13System.out.println("Span name: " + span.getName());14System.out.println("Span id: " + span.getSpanContext().getSpanId());15System.out.println("Trace id: " + span.getSpanContext().getTraceId());16OpenTelemetryTracer tracer = new OpenTelemetryTracer(OpenTelemetry.getTracer("selenium"));17Span parent = tracer.createSpan("parent span");18Span span = tracer.createSpan("new span", parent);19System.out.println("Span name: " + span.getName());20System.out.println("Span id: " + span.getSpanContext().getSpanId());21System.out.println("Trace id: " + span.getSpanContext().getTraceId());22OpenTelemetryTracer tracer = new OpenTelemetryTracer(OpenTelemetry.getTracer("selenium"));23Span parent = tracer.createSpan("parent span");24Span span = tracer.createSpan("new span", parent, SpanKind.SERVER);25System.out.println("Span name

getCurrentContext

Using AI Code Generation

1package com.test;2import io.opentelemetry.context.Context;3import io.opentelemetry.context.Scope;4import io.opentelemetry.trace.Span;5import io.opentelemetry.trace.Tracer;6import org.openqa.selenium.remote.tracing.opentelemetry.OpenTelemetryTracer;7import org.testng.annotations.Test;8public class Test1 {9public void test1() {10OpenTelemetryTracer otelTracer = new OpenTelemetryTracer();11Context context = otelTracer.getCurrentContext();12Span span = otelTracer.spanBuilder("test1").setParent(context).startSpan();13try (Scope scope = context.makeCurrent()) {14}15}16}17package com.test;18import io.opentelemetry.context.Scope;19import io.opentelemetry.trace.Span;20import io.opentelemetry.trace.Tracer;21import org.openqa.selenium.remote.tracing.opentelemetry.OpenTelemetryTracer;22import org.testng.annotations.Test;23public class Test2 {24public void test2() {25OpenTelemetryTracer otelTracer = new OpenTelemetryTracer();26Span span = otelTracer.getSpan();27Span childSpan = otelTracer.spanBuilder("test2").setParent(span).startSpan();28try (Scope scope = childSpan.makeCurrent()) {29}30}31}32package com.test;33import io.opentelemetry.context.Scope;34import io.opentelemetry.trace.Span;35import io.opentelemetry.trace.Tracer;36import org.openqa.selenium.remote.tracing.opentelemetry.OpenTelemetryTracer;37import org.testng.annotations.Test;38public class Test3 {39public void test3() {

StackOverFlow community discussions

Questions

Discussion

Cannot find firefox binary in PATH. Make sure firefox is installed

How to bypass Google reCAPTCHA for testing using Selenium

How to explicitly wait while using page factory in Selenium?

Selenium WebDriver and HTML Window location by using Java

How to switch to the new browser window, which opens after click on the button?

What does HTTP status code 490 mean?

What is the fix for class file for com.google.common.base.predicate not found?

How to use apostrophe (') in xpath while finding element using webdriver?

Selenium C# Java - What Is The Difference Between WebDriver & IWebDriver?

scrollIntoView() not working for horizontal scroll (Selenium)

File pathToBinary = new File("C:\\user\\Programme\\FirefoxPortable\\App\\Firefox\\firefox.exe");
FirefoxBinary ffBinary = new FirefoxBinary(pathToBinary);
FirefoxProfile firefoxProfile = new FirefoxProfile();       
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(ffBinary,firefoxProfile);

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/20950748/cannot-find-firefox-binary-in-path-make-sure-firefox-is-installed

You can do this by finding the x and y coordinates of the checkbox in reCAPTCHA and click the element.

WebElement captcha = driver.findElement(By.xpath("html/body/div[1]/div[3]/div[2]/form/div[5]/div"));
        builder.moveToElement(captcha, 50, 30).click().build().perform();

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/50466238/how-to-bypass-google-recaptcha-for-testing-using-selenium

I would suggest that you use the PageFactory as intended and have a constructor for your class where you would like to use the explicit wait. Having a separation between the script and the page objects makes it much easier to work with in the future.

public class MyClass {

    WebDriverWait wait; 
    WebDriver driver; 
    @FindBy(how=How.ID, id="locatorId")
    WebElement locator; 

    // Construct your class here 
    public MyClass(WebDriver driver){
        this.driver = driver; 
        wait = new WebDriverWait(driver,30);
    }

    // Call whatever function you want to create 
    public void MyFunction(){
        wait.until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(locator));
        // Perform desired actions that you wanted to do in myClass
    }

Then in your test case use code to perform your test. In your example, the wait is contained inside the page.

public class MyTestClass {
    public static void main (string ... args){
        WebDriver driver = new FireFoxDriver(); 
        MyClass myForm = PageFactory.initElements(driver,Myclass.class); 
        myForm.MyFunction(); 
    }
}

This example was modeled after the example in the book Selenium WebDriver Practical Guide that can be found here here

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/47191185/how-to-explicitly-wait-while-using-page-factory-in-selenium

I believe there's no way to get the real on-screen location of the elements on the page.

I also think the fullscreen mode is your best bet.

That said, I wrote a RobotCalibration class that can detect the real offsets of your current browser. It opens a specially crafted page and uses the Robot class to click on it. The algorithm starts in the center of the browser and then uses bisecting to find the top left corner of the browser viewport.

Tested on IE8 and FF18. Works for both maximized and windowed browsers. Known issue: If you have a top Bookmarks Toolbar enabled, it may click on some of the bookmarks and therefore redirect. It can be handled pretty easily, but I left it up to you if you needed that :).

The testing page:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" onclick="document.getElementById('counter').value++">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <title>Calibration Test</title>
</head>
<body>
    <img height="1" width="1" style="position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0;"
        onclick="document.getElementById('done').value = 'yep'" />
    <input type="text" id="counter" value="0" />
    <input type="text" id="done" value="nope" />
</body>
</html>

The RobotCalibration class. It's a little bit long, so I suggest you to copypaste it into your favourite IDE and explore it there:

import java.awt.AWTException;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.Point;
import java.awt.Robot;
import java.awt.Toolkit;
import java.awt.event.InputEvent;
import java.nio.file.Paths;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver;

public class RobotCalibration {

    public static Point calibrate(WebDriver driver) {
        return new RobotCalibration(driver).calibrate();
    }

    /** Time for which to wait for the page response. */
    private static final long TIMEOUT = 1000;

    private final WebDriver driver;
    private final Robot r;

    private final Point browserCenter;
    private int leftX;
    private int rightX;
    private int midX;
    private int topY;
    private int bottomY;
    private int midY;

    private RobotCalibration(WebDriver driver) {
        this.driver = driver;
        try {
            driver.manage().window().getSize();
        } catch (UnsupportedOperationException headlessBrowserException) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Calibrating a headless browser makes no sense.", headlessBrowserException);
        }

        try {
            this.r = new Robot();
        } catch (AWTException headlessEnvironmentException) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Robot won't work on headless environments.", headlessEnvironmentException);
        }

        Dimension screenSize = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getScreenSize();
        org.openqa.selenium.Dimension browserSize = driver.manage().window().getSize();
        org.openqa.selenium.Point browserPos = driver.manage().window().getPosition();

        // a maximized browser returns negative position
        // a maximized browser returns size larger than actual screen size
        // you can't click outside the screen
        leftX = Math.max(0, browserPos.x);
        rightX = Math.min(leftX + browserSize.width, screenSize.width - 1);
        midX = (leftX + rightX) /2;

        topY = Math.max(0, browserPos.y);
        bottomY = Math.min(topY + browserSize.height, screenSize.height - 1);
        midY = (topY + bottomY) /2;

        browserCenter = new Point(midX, midY);
    }

    private Point calibrate() {
        driver.get(Paths.get("files/RobotCalibration.html").toUri().toString());

        // find left border
        while (leftX < rightX) {
            click(midX, midY);
            if (clickWasSuccessful()) {
                rightX = midX;
            } else {
                leftX = midX + 1;
                // close any menu we could have opened
                click(browserCenter.x, browserCenter.y);
            }
            midX = (leftX + rightX) /2;
        }

        // find top border
        while (topY < bottomY) {
            click(midX, midY);
            if (clickWasSuccessful()) {
                bottomY = midY;
            } else {
                topY = midY + 1;
                // close any menu we could have opened
                click(browserCenter.x, browserCenter.y);
            }
            midY = (topY + bottomY) /2;
        }

        if (!isCalibrated()) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Couldn't calibrate the Robot.");
        }
        return new Point(midX, midY);
    }

    /** clicks on the specified location */
    private void click(int x, int y) {
        r.mouseMove(x, y);
        r.mousePress(InputEvent.BUTTON1_DOWN_MASK);
        r.mouseRelease(InputEvent.BUTTON1_DOWN_MASK);

        // for some reason, my IE8 can't properly register clicks that are close
        // to each other faster than click every half a second
        if (driver instanceof InternetExplorerDriver) {
            sleep(500);
        }
    }

    private static void sleep(int millis) {
        try {
            Thread.sleep(millis);
        } catch (InterruptedException ignored) {
            // nothing to do
        }
    }

    private int counter = 0;
    /** @return whether the click on a page was successful */
    private boolean clickWasSuccessful() {
        counter++;

        long targetTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + TIMEOUT;
        while (System.currentTimeMillis() < targetTime) {
            int pageCounter = Integer.parseInt(driver.findElement(By.id("counter")).getAttribute("value"));
            if (counter == pageCounter) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    /** @return whether the top left corner has already been clicked at */
    private boolean isCalibrated() {
        long targetTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + TIMEOUT;
        while (System.currentTimeMillis() < targetTime) {
            if (driver.findElement(By.id("done")).getAttribute("value").equals("yep")) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

}

Sample usage:

WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();
Point p = RobotCalibration.calibrate(driver);
System.out.println("Left offset: " + p.x + ", top offset: " + p.y);
driver.quit();

Feel free to ask any questions if something is unclear.

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/14655581/selenium-webdriver-and-html-window-location-by-using-java

You can switch between windows as below:

// Store the current window handle
String winHandleBefore = driver.getWindowHandle();

// Perform the click operation that opens new window

// Switch to new window opened
for(String winHandle : driver.getWindowHandles()){
    driver.switchTo().window(winHandle);
}

// Perform the actions on new window

// Close the new window, if that window no more required
driver.close();

// Switch back to original browser (first window)
driver.switchTo().window(winHandleBefore);

// Continue with original browser (first window)

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9588827/how-to-switch-to-the-new-browser-window-which-opens-after-click-on-the-button

Use the xpath as shown below:

driver.findElements(By.xpath("//input[contains(@text,\"WE'd\")]"));

Hope this helps.

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/37542773/how-to-use-apostrophe-in-xpath-while-finding-element-using-webdriver

Element.scrollIntoView()

Element.scrollIntoView() method scrolls the element on which it's called into the Viewport of the browser window.

Syntax

element.scrollIntoView()
element.scrollIntoView(alignToTop) // Boolean parameter
element.scrollIntoView(scrollIntoViewOptions) // Object parameter

Parameters

The parameters for this method are:

alignToTop (Optional): Is a Boolean value, if true, the top of the element will be aligned to the top of the visible area of the scrollable ancestor. This is the default value. If false, the bottom of the element will be aligned to the bottom of the visible area of the scrollable ancestor. Corresponds to scrollIntoViewOptions: {block: "end", inline: "nearest"}.
scrollIntoViewOptions (Optional): Is an Object with the following properties:
behavior (Optional): Defines the transition animation. One of "auto" or "smooth". Defaults to "auto".
block (Optional): Defines vertical alignment. One of "start", "center", "end", or "nearest". Defaults to "start".
inline (Optional): Defines horizontal alignment. One of "start", "center", "end", or "nearest". Defaults to "nearest".

This usecase

As per your line of code:

((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("arguments[0].scrollIntoView(true);", element);

the argument true refers to boolean value for alignToTop. Hence the issue.

Solution

To automate horizontal scrolling you need to pass the argument for the inline parameter either among the following:

start
center
end
nearest

Alternative

As an alternative you can use either of the following options

scrollLeft(): Element.scrollLeft() property gets or sets the number of pixels that an element's content is scrolled from its left edge. If the element's direction is rtl (right-to-left), then scrollLeft is 0 when the scrollbar is at its rightmost position (at the start of the scrolled content), and then increasingly negative as you scroll towards the end of the content.
scrollWidth(): Element.scrollWidth() read-only property is a measurement of the width of an element's content, including content not visible on the screen due to overflow.

Outro

You can find a couple of relevant detailed discussion in:

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/58534970/scrollintoview-not-working-for-horizontal-scroll-selenium

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Website testing sounds simple, yet is complex, based on the nature of the website. Testing a single webpage is simple and can be done manually. But with the nature of web applications becoming complex day by day, especially in the current age of robust, dynamic single page applications that are developed using Angular or React, the complexity of testing is also increasing.

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Cross Browser Testing Checklist Before Going Live

When someone develops a website, going live it’s like a dream come true. I have also seen one of my friends so excited as he was just about to launch his website. When he finally hit the green button, some unusual trend came suddenly into his notice. After going into details, he found out that the website has a very high bounce rate on Mobile devices. Thanks to Google Analytics, he was able to figure that out.

Selenium 4 Tutorial:

LambdaTest’s Selenium 4 tutorial is covering every aspects of Selenium 4 testing with examples and best practices. Here you will learn basics, such as how to upgrade from Selenium 3 to Selenium 4, to some advanced concepts, such as Relative locators and Selenium Grid 4 for Distributed testing. Also will learn new features of Selenium 4, such as capturing screenshots of specific elements, opening a new tab or window on the browser, and new protocol adoptions.

Chapters:

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Selenium 4 Is Now W3C Compliant: JSON Wireframe protocol is retiring from Selenium 4, and they are adopting W3C protocol to learn in detail about the advantages and impact of these changes.
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