Discover AI-native insights at Testμ Conference‘25

How to use FormEncodedData class of org.openqa.selenium.remote.http package

Best Selenium code snippet using org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.FormEncodedData

Source: WebDriverBackedSeleniumHandler.java

...28import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions;29import org.openqa.selenium.opera.OperaOptions;30import org.openqa.selenium.remote.NewSessionPayload;31import org.openqa.selenium.remote.SessionId;32import org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.FormEncodedData;33import org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.HttpRequest;34import org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.HttpResponse;35import org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.Routable;36import org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.ActiveSessionFactory;37import org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.ActiveSessionListener;38import org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.ActiveSessions;39import org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.NewSessionPipeline;40import org.openqa.selenium.remote.tracing.Tracer;41import org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariOptions;42import java.io.UncheckedIOException;43import java.util.ArrayList;44import java.util.List;45import java.util.Map;46import java.util.Optional;47import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;48import java.util.logging.Logger;49import static java.net.HttpURLConnection.HTTP_NOT_FOUND;50import static java.net.HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK;51import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.MINUTES;52import static java.util.logging.Level.WARNING;53import static org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.Contents.utf8String;54import static org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.HttpMethod.POST;55/**56 * An implementation of the original selenium rc server endpoint, using a webdriver-backed selenium57 * in order to get things working.58 */59public class WebDriverBackedSeleniumHandler implements Routable {60  // Prepare the shared set of thingies61  private static final Map<SessionId, CommandProcessor> PROCESSORS = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();62  private static final Logger LOG = Logger.getLogger(WebDriverBackedSelenium.class.getName());63  private NewSessionPipeline pipeline;64  private ActiveSessions sessions;65  private ActiveSessionListener listener;66  public WebDriverBackedSeleniumHandler(Tracer tracer, ActiveSessions sessions) {67    this.sessions = sessions == null ? new ActiveSessions(5, MINUTES) : sessions;68    listener = new ActiveSessionListener() {69      @Override70      public void onStop(ActiveSession session) {71        PROCESSORS.remove(session.getId());72      }73    };74    this.sessions.addListener(listener);75    this.pipeline = NewSessionPipeline.builder().add(new ActiveSessionFactory(tracer)).create();76  }77  @Override78  public boolean matches(HttpRequest req) {79    return req.getMethod() == POST &&80           ("/selenium-server/driver/".equals(req.getUri()) ||81            "/selenium-server/driver".equals(req.getUri()));82  }83  @Override84  public HttpResponse execute(HttpRequest req) throws UncheckedIOException {85    Optional<Map<String, List<String>>> params = FormEncodedData.getData(req);86    String cmd = getValue("cmd", params, req);87    SessionId sessionId = null;88    if (getValue("sessionId", params, req) != null) {89      sessionId = new SessionId(getValue("sessionId", params, req));90    }91    String[] args = deserializeArgs(params, req);92    if (cmd == null) {93      return sendError(HTTP_NOT_FOUND, "Unable to find cmd query parameter");94    }95    StringBuilder printableArgs = new StringBuilder("[");96    Joiner.on(", ").appendTo(printableArgs, args);97    printableArgs.append("]");98    LOG.info(String.format("Command request: %s%s on session %s", cmd, printableArgs, sessionId));99    if ("getNewBrowserSession".equals(cmd)) {...

Source: FormEncodedDataTest.java

...35import static org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.Contents.bytes;36import static org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.Contents.utf8String;37import static org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.HttpMethod.GET;38@Category(UnitTests.class)39public class FormEncodedDataTest {40  @Test41  public void shouldRequireCorrectContentType() {42    HttpRequest request = createRequest("key", "value").removeHeader("Content-Type");43    Optional<Map<String, List<String>>> data = FormEncodedData.getData(request);44    assertThat(data).isEqualTo(Optional.empty());45  }46  @Test47  public void canReadASinglePairOfValues() {48    HttpRequest request = createRequest("key", "value");49    Optional<Map<String, List<String>>> data = FormEncodedData.getData(request);50    assertThat(data.get()).isEqualTo(ImmutableMap.of("key", singletonList("value")));51  }52  @Test53  public void canReadTwoValues() {54    HttpRequest request = createRequest("key", "value", "foo", "bar");55    Optional<Map<String, List<String>>> data = FormEncodedData.getData(request);56    assertThat(data.get()).isEqualTo(57      ImmutableMap.of("key", singletonList("value"), "foo", singletonList("bar")));58  }59  @Test60  public void shouldSetEmptyValuesToTheEmptyString() {61    HttpRequest request = createRequest("key", null);62    Optional<Map<String, List<String>>> data = FormEncodedData.getData(request);63    assertThat(data.get()).isEqualTo(ImmutableMap.of("key", singletonList("")));64  }65  @Test66  public void shouldDecodeParameterNames() {67    HttpRequest request = createRequest("%foo%", "value");68    Optional<Map<String, List<String>>> data = FormEncodedData.getData(request);69    assertThat(data.get()).isEqualTo(ImmutableMap.of("%foo%", singletonList("value")));70  }71  @Test72  public void shouldDecodeParameterValues() {73    HttpRequest request = createRequest("key", "%bar%");74    Optional<Map<String, List<String>>> data = FormEncodedData.getData(request);75    assertThat(data.get()).isEqualTo(ImmutableMap.of("key", singletonList("%bar%")));76  }77  @Test78  public void shouldCollectMultipleValuesForTheSameParameterNamePreservingOrder() {79    HttpRequest request = createRequest("foo", "bar", "foo", "baz");80    Optional<Map<String, List<String>>> data = FormEncodedData.getData(request);81    assertThat(data.get()).isEqualTo(ImmutableMap.of("foo", Arrays.asList("bar", "baz")));82  }83  @Test84  public void aSingleParameterNameIsEnough() {85    HttpRequest request = new HttpRequest(GET, "/example")86      .addHeader("Content-Type", MediaType.FORM_DATA.toString())87      .setContent(bytes("param".getBytes()));88    Optional<Map<String, List<String>>> data = FormEncodedData.getData(request);89    assertThat(data.get()).isEqualTo(ImmutableMap.of("param", singletonList("")));90  }91  private HttpRequest createRequest(String key, String value, String... others) {92    if (others.length % 2 != 0) {93      fail("Other parameters must be of even length");94    }95    List<String> allStrings = new ArrayList<>();96    allStrings.add(key);97    allStrings.add(value);98    allStrings.addAll(Arrays.asList(others));99    StringBuilder content = new StringBuilder();100    Iterator<String> iterator = allStrings.iterator();101    boolean isFirst = true;102    while (iterator.hasNext()) {...

FormEncodedData

Using AI Code Generation

1package com.selenium4beginners.java.seleniumbasics;2import java.net.MalformedURLException;3import java.net.URL;4import java.util.ArrayList;5import java.util.HashMap;6import java.util.List;7import java.util.Map;8import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;9import org.openqa.selenium.By;10import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;11import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;12import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;13import org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.FormEncodedData;14import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;15import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;16import org.testng.annotations.AfterClass;17import org.testng.annotations.BeforeClass;18import org.testng.annotations.Test;19import io.appium.java_client.MobileElement;20import io.appium.java_client.android.AndroidDriver;21public class AppiumAndroidBrowserDemo {22	WebDriver driver;23	WebDriverWait wait;24	public void setUp() throws MalformedURLException {25		DesiredCapabilities caps = new DesiredCapabilities();26		caps.setCapability("deviceName", "Pixel 2 API 28");27		caps.setCapability("udid", "emulator-5554");28		caps.setCapability("platformName", "Android");29		caps.setCapability("platformVersion", "9.0");30		caps.setCapability("browserName", "Chrome");31		caps.setCapability("noReset", true);

StackOverFlow community discussions

Questions

Discussion

How to press 'Enter' once text is entered in the search field using Selenium WebDriver and java code in eclipse

how to scroll scrollbar horizontally which is inside a window using java

Button click selenium java

How to go back to the immediate parent in XPath and get the text?

How can I close a specific window using Selenium WebDriver with Java?

Selenium/WebView get clicked element

Xpath for button having text as 'New'

Selenium. Selenide. Class file for org.openqa.selenium.WrapsDriver not found for some reason

Selenium WebDriver: wait for element to be present when locating with WebDriver.findElement is impossible

Selenium Automation: What should be the acceptable range of failed test cases apart from the valid fails when running a test suite?

You can simulate hit Enter key by adding "\n" to the entered text. For example textField.sendKeys("text you type into field" + "\n").

upd: BTW, it has been already asked here Typing Enter/Return key in Selenium

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/22729341/how-to-press-enter-once-text-is-entered-in-the-search-field-using-selenium-web

You are using javascript that scrolls the main window, if you want to scroll a element, you should first get the element by id, then change the its scrollLeft property:

JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor)driver; 
js.executeScript(
    "document.getElementById('gvLocationHorizontalRail').scrollLeft += 250", "");

If you instead want to change the scrollbar that moves up and down, you should change the scrollTop property.

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/35458415/how-to-scroll-scrollbar-horizontally-which-is-inside-a-window-using-java

You can try this one too as CSS Selector

driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[type='button'][value='Open device access']")).click();

driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[type='button']")).click();

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/16524290/button-click-selenium-java

You can get immediate parent using ..

By.xpath("//input[contains(@id,'custProglabel')]/..")

As a side note, xpath should start with lower case 'x'.

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/36606901/how-to-go-back-to-the-immediate-parent-in-xpath-and-get-the-text

    String base = driver.getWindowHandle();

    Set <String> set = driver.getWindowHandles();

    set.remove(base);
    assert set.size()==1;

    driver.switchTo().window(set.toArray(new String[0]));

    driver.close();
    driver.switchTo().window(base);

This works for me...

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11449179/how-can-i-close-a-specific-window-using-selenium-webdriver-with-java

Managed to solve this problem with the hint that Saurabh Gaur gave me

Here is my HTML document that I tested the application with, its called Index.html:

<html>
<head>
    <title>I am the title, haha!</title>
</head>
<body>
    <p id="id1">I am id1</p>
    <a href="www.google.com" id="ihatejava">end my suffering</a>
<body>
</html>

and here is my java code. all it does is add a listener to the HTML elements:

public class Main extends Application {

public static void main(String[] args) {
    launch(args);
}

@Override
public void start(Stage stage) throws MalformedURLException {
    WebView webView = new WebView();
    WebEngine engine = webView.getEngine();
    engine.load(new File("PATH/TO/Index.html").toURI().toURL().toExternalForm());

    Scene scene = new Scene(webView);
    stage.setScene(scene);
    stage.show();

    //we need this to check if the document has finished loading, otherwise it would be null and throw a exception
    engine.getLoadWorker().stateProperty().addListener((obs, oldState, currentState) -> {
        if (currentState == State.SUCCEEDED) {
            Document doc = engine.getDocument();
            addListeners(doc);
        }
    });
}

private void addListeners(Document doc) {
    Element link1 = doc.getElementById("id1");
    ((EventTarget) link1).addEventListener("click", e -> {
        System.out.println("id1 was clicked!");
    }, false);

    Element link2 = doc.getElementById("ihatejava");
    ((EventTarget) link2).addEventListener("click", e -> {
        System.out.println("ihatejava was clicked!");
    }, false);
}
}

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/48147930/selenium-webview-get-clicked-element

Your xpath syntax is wrong - you don't need the inner set of square brackets - but even if you fix this:

//button[@type, 'submit' and text()='New']

it won't select what you want it to. The problem is that the "New" is not text contained directly in the button element but is inside a child span element. If instead of text() you just use . then you can check the whole string value of the element (the concatenation of all descendant text nodes at whatever level)

//button[@type='submit' and contains(., 'New')]

Or check span instead of text():

//button[@type='submit' and span='New']

(submit buttons containing a span whose value is "New")

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/23676537/xpath-for-button-having-text-as-new

the problem was solved by adding depandancy

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
        <artifactId>selenium-api</artifactId>
        <version>3.14.0</version>
    </dependency>

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/52992915/selenium-selenide-class-file-for-org-openqa-selenium-wrapsdriver-not-found-for

The WebElementWait class as metioned above:

package org.openqa.selenium.support.ui;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import org.openqa.selenium.NotFoundException;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;

public class WebElementWait  extends FluentWait<WebElement>  {
    public final static long DEFAULT_SLEEP_TIMEOUT = 500;

      public WebElementWait(WebElement element, long timeOutInSeconds) {
            this(element, new SystemClock(), Sleeper.SYSTEM_SLEEPER, timeOutInSeconds, DEFAULT_SLEEP_TIMEOUT);
      }

      public WebElementWait(WebElement element, long timeOutInSeconds, long sleepInMillis) {
            this(element, new SystemClock(), Sleeper.SYSTEM_SLEEPER, timeOutInSeconds, sleepInMillis);
      }

      protected WebElementWait(WebElement element, Clock clock, Sleeper sleeper, long timeOutInSeconds,
              long sleepTimeOut) {
            super(element, clock, sleeper);
            withTimeout(timeOutInSeconds, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
            pollingEvery(sleepTimeOut, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
            ignoring(NotFoundException.class);
      }

}

It's the same as WebDriverWait, except that the WebDriver argument is replaced with WebElement.

Then, the isValid method:

//import com.google.common.base.Function;
    //import org.openqa.selenium.TimeoutException;

public boolean isValid(WebElement e) {
    try {
        WebElementWait wait = new WebElementWait(e, 1);
        //@SuppressWarnings("unused")
        //WebElement icon = 
        wait.until(new Function<WebElement, WebElement>() {
                    public WebElement apply(WebElement d) {
                        return d.findElement(By
                                .xpath("./following-sibling::div[class='invalid-icon']"));
                    }
                });
        return false;
    } catch (TimeoutException exception) {
        return true;
    }
}

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/19851518/selenium-webdriver-wait-for-element-to-be-present-when-locating-with-webdriver

Blogs

Check out the latest blogs from LambdaTest on this topic:

How Pro-Testers Use CSS Selectors In Selenium Automation Scripts?

This article is a part of our Content Hub. For more in-depth resources, check out our content hub on Selenium Locators Tutorial.

Here Is How You Setup Perfect Cross Browser Testing Environment

Development of a website takes a lot of effort. You must be familiar with it if you have developed one. Even if I don’t consider the complexities of JQuery and other famous libraries of JavaScript. Only basic CSS, JS and HTML which are required to develop a complete website takes a lot of your time and hard work.

Emoji Compatibility With Browsers

What happens when you are chit chatting and ran out of words? Or facing the urge to keep up with the twitter word limit maintaining your emotions? In every way, digital media is relying on Emojis. The ultimate hero that always came at your aid when you run out of words. The enormous use of emoticons in the past years has explained how important they are to us in today’s world.

JavaScript Cross Browser Compatible Issues And How To Solve Them

This article is a part of our Content Hub. For more in-depth resources, check out our content hub on Selenium JavaScript Tutorial.

Loadable Components In Selenium: Make Your Test Robust For Slow Loading Web Pages

Being in automation testing for the last 10 years I have faced a lot of problems. Recently I was working on a selenium automation project and in that project everything was going fine until I faced a most common but difficult problem. How to make sure that my selenium automation testing work fine even for slow loading web pages. A quick google and browsing through forums highlighted that this is a problem that testers are facing for many past years. If you too have faced it then yes, this article is there to help you from my personal experience.

Selenium 4 Tutorial:

LambdaTest’s Selenium 4 tutorial is covering every aspects of Selenium 4 testing with examples and best practices. Here you will learn basics, such as how to upgrade from Selenium 3 to Selenium 4, to some advanced concepts, such as Relative locators and Selenium Grid 4 for Distributed testing. Also will learn new features of Selenium 4, such as capturing screenshots of specific elements, opening a new tab or window on the browser, and new protocol adoptions.

Chapters:

Upgrading From Selenium 3 To Selenium 4?: In this chapter, learn in detail how to update Selenium 3 to Selenium 4 for Java binding. Also, learn how to upgrade while using different build tools such as Maven or Gradle and get comprehensive guidance for upgrading Selenium.
What’s New In Selenium 4 & What’s Being Deprecated? : Get all information about new implementations in Selenium 4, such as W3S protocol adaption, Optimized Selenium Grid, and Enhanced Selenium IDE. Also, learn what is deprecated for Selenium 4, such as DesiredCapabilites and FindsBy methods, etc.
Selenium 4 With Python: Selenium supports all major languages, such as Python, C#, Ruby, and JavaScript. In this chapter, learn how to install Selenium 4 for Python and the features of Python in Selenium 4, such as Relative locators, Browser manipulation, and Chrom DevTool protocol.
Selenium 4 Is Now W3C Compliant: JSON Wireframe protocol is retiring from Selenium 4, and they are adopting W3C protocol to learn in detail about the advantages and impact of these changes.
How To Use Selenium 4 Relative Locator? : Selenium 4 came with new features such as Relative Locators that allow constructing locators with reference and easily located constructors nearby. Get to know its different use cases with examples.
Selenium Grid 4 Tutorial For Distributed Testing: Selenium Grid 4 allows you to perform tests over different browsers, OS, and device combinations. It also enables parallel execution browser testing, reads up on various features of Selenium Grid 4 and how to download it, and runs a test on Selenium Grid 4 with best practices.
Selenium Video Tutorials: Binge on video tutorials on Selenium by industry experts to get step-by-step direction from automating basic to complex test scenarios with Selenium.