How to use InternetExplorerDriverService class of org.openqa.selenium.ie package

I don't think barak manos's answer has fully explained it.

Imagine we have few elements as the followings:

1. <div class="value test"></div>
2. <div class="value test "></div>
3. <div class="first value test last"></div>
4. <div class="test value"></div>

How XPath matches

• Match only 1 (exact match), barak's answer

  driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[@class='value test']"));
  

• Match 1, 2 and 3 (match class contains value test, class order matters)

  driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[contains(@class, 'value test')]"));
  

• Match 1, 2, 3 and 4 (as long as elements have class value and test)

  driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[contains(@class, 'value') and contains(@class, 'test')]"));
  

Also, in cases like this, Css Selector is always in favor of XPath (fast, concise, native).

• Match 1

  driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("div[class='value test']"));
  

• Match 1, 2 and 3

  driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("div[class*='value test']"));
  

• Match 1, 2, 3 and 4

  driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("div.value.test"));
  

This javascript

function test() {arr = 111; return arr;}; 
test();

Calls the method test() but doesn't do anything with the result, ie. doesn't return it to the caller.

So

int a = (Integer) js.executeScript(testJS);

will return null and try to be dereferenced which will fail because dereferencing null throws NullPointerException.

Javadoc for JavascriptExecutor.html#executeScript(java.lang.String, java.lang.Object...)

Maybe you want the javascript

function test() {arr = 111; return arr;}; 
return test();

This works for me

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "C:\\Users\\me\\Downloads\\chromedriver.exe");
ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
JavascriptExecutor executor = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
String js = "function test() {" +
            "arr = 111; return arr;" +
            "}; return test()";
Long a = (Long) executor.executeScript(js);
System.out.println(a);

Selenium is not supported Firefox Quantum [v69]

Please downgrade the firefox to min v57.

https://firefox-source-docs.mozilla.org/testing/geckodriver/Support.html

Yes it possible to take a full page screenshot with Selenium since Chrome v59. The Chrome driver has two new endpoints to directly call the DevTools API:

/session/:sessionId/chromium/send_command_and_get_result
/session/:sessionId/chromium/send_command

The Selenium API doesn't implement these commands, so you'll have to send them directly with the underlying executor. It's not straightforward, but at least it's possible to produce the exact same result as DevTools.

Here's an example with python working on a local or remote instance:

from selenium import webdriver
import json, base64

capabilities = {
  'browserName': 'chrome',
  'chromeOptions':  {
    'useAutomationExtension': False,
    'args': ['--disable-infobars']
  }
}

driver = webdriver.Chrome(desired_capabilities=capabilities)
driver.get("https://stackoverflow.com/questions")

png = chrome_takeFullScreenshot(driver)

with open(r"C:\downloads\screenshot.png", 'wb') as f:
  f.write(png)

, and the code to take a full page screenshot :

def chrome_takeFullScreenshot(driver) :

  def send(cmd, params):
    resource = "/session/%s/chromium/send_command_and_get_result" % driver.session_id
    url = driver.command_executor._url + resource
    body = json.dumps({'cmd':cmd, 'params': params})
    response = driver.command_executor._request('POST', url, body)
    return response.get('value')

  def evaluate(script):
    response = send('Runtime.evaluate', {'returnByValue': True, 'expression': script})
    return response['result']['value']

  metrics = evaluate( \
    "({" + \
      "width: Math.max(window.innerWidth, document.body.scrollWidth, document.documentElement.scrollWidth)|0," + \
      "height: Math.max(innerHeight, document.body.scrollHeight, document.documentElement.scrollHeight)|0," + \
      "deviceScaleFactor: window.devicePixelRatio || 1," + \
      "mobile: typeof window.orientation !== 'undefined'" + \
    "})")
  send('Emulation.setDeviceMetricsOverride', metrics)
  screenshot = send('Page.captureScreenshot', {'format': 'png', 'fromSurface': True})
  send('Emulation.clearDeviceMetricsOverride', {})

  return base64.b64decode(screenshot['data'])

With Java:

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

    ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
    options.setExperimentalOption("useAutomationExtension", false);
    options.addArguments("disable-infobars");

    ChromeDriverEx driver = new ChromeDriverEx(options);

    driver.get("https://stackoverflow.com/questions");
    File file = driver.getFullScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
}

import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.Map;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
import org.openqa.selenium.OutputType;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriverService;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.CommandInfo;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.HttpCommandExecutor;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.HttpMethod;


public class ChromeDriverEx extends ChromeDriver {

    public ChromeDriverEx() throws Exception {
        this(new ChromeOptions());
    }

    public ChromeDriverEx(ChromeOptions options) throws Exception {
        this(ChromeDriverService.createDefaultService(), options);
    }

    public ChromeDriverEx(ChromeDriverService service, ChromeOptions options) throws Exception {
        super(service, options);
        CommandInfo cmd = new CommandInfo("/session/:sessionId/chromium/send_command_and_get_result", HttpMethod.POST);
        Method defineCommand = HttpCommandExecutor.class.getDeclaredMethod("defineCommand", String.class, CommandInfo.class);
        defineCommand.setAccessible(true);
        defineCommand.invoke(super.getCommandExecutor(), "sendCommand", cmd);
    }

    public <X> X getFullScreenshotAs(OutputType<X> outputType) throws Exception {
        Object metrics = sendEvaluate(
            "({" +
            "width: Math.max(window.innerWidth,document.body.scrollWidth,document.documentElement.scrollWidth)|0," +
            "height: Math.max(window.innerHeight,document.body.scrollHeight,document.documentElement.scrollHeight)|0," +
            "deviceScaleFactor: window.devicePixelRatio || 1," +
            "mobile: typeof window.orientation !== 'undefined'" +
            "})");
        sendCommand("Emulation.setDeviceMetricsOverride", metrics);
        Object result = sendCommand("Page.captureScreenshot", ImmutableMap.of("format", "png", "fromSurface", true));
        sendCommand("Emulation.clearDeviceMetricsOverride", ImmutableMap.of());
        String base64EncodedPng = (String)((Map<String, ?>)result).get("data");
        return outputType.convertFromBase64Png(base64EncodedPng);
    }

    protected Object sendCommand(String cmd, Object params) {
        return execute("sendCommand", ImmutableMap.of("cmd", cmd, "params", params)).getValue();
    }

    protected Object sendEvaluate(String script) {
        Object response = sendCommand("Runtime.evaluate", ImmutableMap.of("returnByValue", true, "expression", script));
        Object result = ((Map<String, ?>)response).get("result");
        return ((Map<String, ?>)result).get("value");
    }
}

I have noticed that in my case and worked perfectly.You need add window size as an arguments in headless Mode.I don't know which language you are working on.

If you are using python add this .

  chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
  chrome_options.add_argument('--headless')
  chrome_options.add_argument('window-size=1920x1080')

if you are using java add this.

ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions();
chromeOptions.addArguments("headless");
chromeOptions.addArguments("window-size=1920,1080");

Please try this and let me know if this work.

I know this is rather old, but you can get a simpler solution by using org.openqa.selenium.support.Color:

import org.openqa.selenium.support.Color;
String color = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[@class='gb_e gb_f gb_g gb_xb']/a")).getCssValue("color");
System.out.println(color);
String hex = Color.fromString(color).asHex();
System.out.println(hex);

It gives you a single line solution and even adds leading zeroes when required (something that the previous answers aren't accounting for)

Yes, it's possible

driver.manage().deleteAllCookies();

Call it right after you are creating the new WebDriver instance.

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.manage().deleteAllCookies();

You can also delete the cookies one by one

Set<Cookie> allCookies = driver.manage().getCookies();
for (Cookie cookie : allCookies) {
    driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed(cookie.getName());
}

You can try this one too as CSS Selector

driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[type='button'][value='Open device access']")).click();

or

driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[type='button']")).click();

Agree with Subir Kumar Sao and Faiz.

element_enter.findElement(By.xpath("//html/body/div[1]/div[3]/div[1]/form/div/div/input")).sendKeys(barcode);