How to use LiteralExpression class of io.cucumber.junit package

I had to tweak the serenity.properties file by trial and error, because it is not obvious by reading the Browserstack documentation and because the Browserstack code is relying on a very old Serenity framework version:

environment.parallel_1.name = parallel_test
environment.parallel_1.browser = Chrome
environment.parallel_1.browser_version = 73.0 beta
environment.parallel_1.os = OS X
environment.parallel_1.os_version = Mojave
environment.parallel_1.resolution = 1280x1024
environment.parallel_1.browserstack.local = true

environment.parallel_2.name = parallel_test
environment.parallel_2.browser = IE
environment.parallel_2.browser_version = 11
environment.parallel_2.os = Windows
environment.parallel_2.os_version = 7
environment.parallel_2.resolution = 1280x1024
environment.parallel_2.browserstack.local = true

you can see the code here: https://github.com/izaac/serenity-cucumber4

I was also facing issues in initiating safari browser on mac machine, and below solution helped me

if (browserType.equals("safari")) {
            // System.setProperty("webdriver.safari.driver", workingDir +
            // "//driver//SafariDriverServer.exe");
            System.setProperty("webdriver.safari.driver",
                    "/driver/SafariDriver.safariextz");
            System.setProperty("webdriver.safari.noinstall", "true");
            DesiredCapabilities desiredCapabilities = DesiredCapabilities
                    .safari();
            SafariOptions safariOptions = new SafariOptions();
            safariOptions.setUseCleanSession(true);
            safariOptions.getUseCleanSession();
            safariOptions.setUseCleanSession(true);
            desiredCapabilities.setCapability(SafariOptions.CAPABILITY,
                    safariOptions);

            // deleteCookies();
            driver = new EventFiringWebDriver(new SafariDriver());

            ThreadDriver.set(driver);
            // driver.manage().window().setSize(new Dimension(1024, 850));
            getDriver().manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(3,
                    TimeUnit.SECONDS);
            wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 30);
        }

I would normally not answer my own question , but I see few similar questions on SO.

For my case, removing fixed the issue.
testCompile ("io.cucumber:cucumber-spring:6.10.4")

However, to get the correct version of dependencies, if you are stuck in such issue, is to refer there github and check release notes and dependency tee.

For my case, the issue was on Cucumber-Serenity5.

So getting the dependecncies from build.gradle, worked. https://github.com/serenity-bdd/serenity-cucumber5/blob/master/build.gradle

Please note, the actual versions are defined in, gradle.proporties.
https://github.com/serenity-bdd/serenity-cucumber5/blob/master/gradle.properties

1. While fresh run pass rerun plugin as an argument "-p", "rerun:target/cucumber/rerun.txt". This will generate cucumber rerun file which has line numbers of failed scenarios.
2. Then next time instead of features directory pass rerun text file "@target/cucumber-reports/rerun.txt"
3. This will re-run only your failed scenarios

If you are using cucumber options [I am not sure but I guess this was planned for deprecation] via junit runner then do as below.

Fresh run :

@CucumberOptions(features = {"src/test/resources/"},
    plugin = {"pretty", "json:target/cucumber/cucumber.json",
        "rerun:target/cucumber-reports/rerun.txt"})

Rerun :

        @CucumberOptions(
            features = {"@target/cucumber/rerun.txt"},
            plugin = {"pretty", rerun:target/cucumber/rerun.txt"})

See https://github.com/serenity-bdd/serenity-core/#cucumber-4. I expect Serenity will only work with JUnit 5 in vintage mode.

This link should help, do not forget to give your definitions in glue section of the configuration.

https://johnfergusonsmart.com/running-cucumber-serenity-feature-files-directly-intellij/

It seems I'm using Cucumber with Serenity and the Cucumber team is not currently supporting JUnit TestRules for philosophical reasons. Here's hoping they change their mind :)

See https://github.com/cucumber/cucumber-jvm/issues/894

Scenario Outlines create a seperate scenario for each example element. You want a single scenario that looks for your tabs.

A better way to write this would be to name the tabs, e.g. foo-tabs and then write

Scenario: See foo tabs on main page
  When I am on the main page
  Then I should see foo tabs

And in your step definition do your programming to look for the tabs e.g.

Then "should see foo tabs" do
  foo_tabs.each do |tab|
    expect(page).to have # do something with the tab here
  end
end

(above is ruby'ish code, but you should be able to adapt to java)

Now you will have one scenario, and also if you add/remove a tab, you won't have to change your feature.

By principle, Cucumber doesn't supports data from external files. Instead it encourages to provide examples with scenario. However there are few non standard way available with cucumber to use examples from the external file. One of them, you can refer in grasshopper's post.

Another alternate is using gherkin with QAF which provides lots of features inbuilt data-providers including XML/CSV/JSON/EXCEL/DB. Here is the step-by-step-tutorial to start with.