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How to use window_handles method of Selenium.WebDriver Package

Best Selenium code snippet using Selenium.WebDriver.window_handles

driver.rb

Source:driver.rb

...98  def reset!99    # Use instance variable directly so we avoid starting the browser just to reset the session100    return unless @browser101    if firefox? || chrome?102      switch_to_window(window_handles.first)103      window_handles.slice(1..-1).each { |win| close_window(win) }104    end105    navigated = false106    start_time = Capybara::Helpers.monotonic_time107    begin108      unless navigated109        # Only trigger a navigation if we haven't done it already, otherwise it110        # can trigger an endless series of unload modals111        begin112          @browser.manage.delete_all_cookies113          clear_storage114        # rescue Selenium::WebDriver::Error::NoSuchAlertError115        #   # Handle a bug in Firefox/Geckodriver where it thinks it needs an alert modal to exist116        #   # for no good reason117        #   retry118        rescue Selenium::WebDriver::Error::UnhandledError # rubocop:disable Lint/HandleExceptions119          # delete_all_cookies fails when we've previously gone120          # to about:blank, so we rescue this error and do nothing121          # instead.122        end123        @browser.navigate.to("about:blank")124      end125      navigated = true126      # Ensure the page is empty and trigger an UnhandledAlertError for any modals that appear during unload127      until find_xpath("/html/body/*").empty?128        raise Capybara::ExpectationNotMet, 'Timed out waiting for Selenium session reset' if (Capybara::Helpers.monotonic_time - start_time) >= 10129        sleep 0.05130      end131    rescue Selenium::WebDriver::Error::UnhandledAlertError, Selenium::WebDriver::Error::UnexpectedAlertOpenError132      # This error is thrown if an unhandled alert is on the page133      # Firefox appears to automatically dismiss this alert, chrome does not134      # We'll try to accept it135      begin136        @browser.switch_to.alert.accept137        sleep 0.25 # allow time for the modal to be handled138      rescue modal_error139        # The alert is now gone140        if current_url != "about:blank"141          begin142            # If navigation has not occurred attempt again and accept alert143            # since FF may have dismissed the alert at first attempt144            @browser.navigate.to("about:blank")145            sleep 0.1 # slight wait for alert146            @browser.switch_to.alert.accept147          rescue modal_error # rubocop:disable Metrics/BlockNesting, Lint/HandleExceptions148            # alert now gone, should mean navigation happened149          end150        end151      end152      # try cleaning up the browser again153      retry154    end155  end156  def switch_to_frame(frame)157    case frame158    when :top159      @frame_handles[browser.window_handle] = []160      browser.switch_to.default_content161    when :parent162      # would love to use browser.switch_to.parent_frame here163      # but it has an issue if the current frame is removed from within it164      @frame_handles[browser.window_handle].pop165      browser.switch_to.default_content166      @frame_handles[browser.window_handle].each { |fh| browser.switch_to.frame(fh) }167    else168      @frame_handles[browser.window_handle] ||= []169      @frame_handles[browser.window_handle] << frame.native170      browser.switch_to.frame(frame.native)171    end172  end173  def current_window_handle174    browser.window_handle175  end176  def window_size(handle)177    within_given_window(handle) do178      size = browser.manage.window.size179      [size.width, size.height]180    end181  end182  def resize_window_to(handle, width, height)183    within_given_window(handle) do184      # Don't set the size if already set - See https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/issues/643185      if marionette? && (window_size(handle) == [width, height])186        {}187      else188        browser.manage.window.resize_to(width, height)189      end190    end191  end192  def maximize_window(handle)193    within_given_window(handle) do194      browser.manage.window.maximize195    end196    sleep 0.1 # work around for https://code.google.com/p/selenium/issues/detail?id=7405197  end198  def close_window(handle)199    raise ArgumentError, "Not allowed to close the primary window" if handle == window_handles.first200    within_given_window(handle) do201      browser.close202    end203  end204  def window_handles205    browser.window_handles206  end207  def open_new_window208    browser.execute_script('window.open();')209  end210  def switch_to_window(handle)211    browser.switch_to.window handle212  end213  def accept_modal(_type, **options)214    yield if block_given?215    modal = find_modal(options)216    modal.send_keys options[:with] if options[:with]217    message = modal.text218    modal.accept219    message...

target_locator_spec.rb

Source:target_locator_spec.rb

...20    describe TargetLocator do21      after do22        ensure_single_window23      end24      let(:new_window) { driver.window_handles.find { |handle| handle != driver.window_handle } }25      # Safari is using GET instead of POST (W3C vs JWP)26      # Server - https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/issues/179527      it 'should find the active element', except: {driver: :remote, browser: :edge} do28        driver.navigate.to url_for('xhtmlTest.html')29        expect(driver.switch_to.active_element).to be_an_instance_of(WebDriver::Element)30      end31      # Doesn't switch to frame by id directly32      it 'should switch to a frame directly', except: {browser: %i[safari safari_preview]} do33        driver.navigate.to url_for('iframes.html')34        driver.switch_to.frame('iframe1')35        expect(driver.find_element(name: 'login')).to be_kind_of(WebDriver::Element)36      end37      it 'should switch to a frame by Element' do38        driver.navigate.to url_for('iframes.html')39        iframe = driver.find_element(tag_name: 'iframe')40        driver.switch_to.frame(iframe)41        expect(driver.find_element(name: 'login')).to be_kind_of(WebDriver::Element)42      end43      it 'should switch to parent frame' do44        driver.navigate.to url_for('iframes.html')45        iframe = driver.find_element(tag_name: 'iframe')46        driver.switch_to.frame(iframe)47        expect(driver.find_element(name: 'login')).to be_kind_of(WebDriver::Element)48        driver.switch_to.parent_frame49        expect(driver.find_element(id: 'iframe_page_heading')).to be_kind_of(WebDriver::Element)50      end51      context 'window switching' do52        after do53          sleep 1 if ENV['TRAVIS']54          quit_driver55        end56        it 'should switch to a window and back when given a block' do57          driver.navigate.to url_for('xhtmlTest.html')58          driver.find_element(link: 'Open new window').click59          wait.until { driver.window_handles.size == 2 }60          expect(driver.title).to eq('XHTML Test Page')61          driver.switch_to.window(new_window) do62            wait.until { driver.title == 'We Arrive Here' }63          end64          wait.until { driver.title == 'XHTML Test Page' }65        end66        it 'should handle exceptions inside the block' do67          driver.navigate.to url_for('xhtmlTest.html')68          driver.find_element(link: 'Open new window').click69          wait.until { driver.window_handles.size == 2 }70          expect(driver.title).to eq('XHTML Test Page')71          expect do72            driver.switch_to.window(new_window) { raise 'foo' }73          end.to raise_error(RuntimeError, 'foo')74          expect(driver.title).to eq('XHTML Test Page')75        end76        it 'should switch to a window without a block' do77          driver.navigate.to url_for('xhtmlTest.html')78          driver.find_element(link: 'Open new window').click79          wait.until { driver.window_handles.size == 2 }80          expect(driver.title).to eq('XHTML Test Page')81          driver.switch_to.window(new_window)82          wait.until { driver.title == 'We Arrive Here' }83          expect(driver.title).to eq('We Arrive Here')84        end85        it 'should use the original window if the block closes the popup' do86          driver.navigate.to url_for('xhtmlTest.html')87          driver.find_element(link: 'Open new window').click88          wait.until { driver.window_handles.size == 2 }89          expect(driver.title).to eq('XHTML Test Page')90          driver.switch_to.window(new_window) do91            wait.until { driver.title == 'We Arrive Here' }92            driver.close93          end94          expect(driver.current_url).to include('xhtmlTest.html')95          expect(driver.title).to eq('XHTML Test Page')96        end97      end98      context 'with more than two windows', except: {browser: %i[ie safari safari_preview]} do99        after do100          # We need to reset driver because browsers behave differently101          # when trying to open the same blank target in a new window.102          # Sometimes it's opened in a new window (Firefox 55), sometimes103          # in the same window (Firefox 57). In any event, this has nothing104          # to do with Selenium test.105          sleep 1 if ENV['TRAVIS']106          reset_driver!107        end108        it 'should close current window when more than two windows exist' do109          driver.navigate.to url_for('xhtmlTest.html')110          wait_for_element(link: 'Create a new anonymous window')111          driver.find_element(link: 'Create a new anonymous window').click112          wait.until { driver.window_handles.size == 2 }113          driver.find_element(link: 'Open new window').click114          wait.until { driver.window_handles.size == 3 }115          driver.switch_to.window(driver.window_handle) { driver.close }116          expect(driver.window_handles.size).to eq 2117        end118        it 'should close another window when more than two windows exist' do119          driver.navigate.to url_for('xhtmlTest.html')120          wait_for_element(link: 'Create a new anonymous window')121          driver.find_element(link: 'Create a new anonymous window').click122          wait.until { driver.window_handles.size == 2 }123          driver.find_element(link: 'Open new window').click124          wait.until { driver.window_handles.size == 3 }125          window_to_close = driver.window_handles.last126          driver.switch_to.window(window_to_close) { driver.close }127          expect(driver.window_handles.size).to eq 2128        end129        it 'should iterate over open windows when current window is not closed' do130          driver.navigate.to url_for('xhtmlTest.html')131          wait_for_element(link: 'Create a new anonymous window')132          driver.find_element(link: 'Create a new anonymous window').click133          wait.until { driver.window_handles.size == 2 }134          driver.find_element(link: 'Open new window').click135          wait.until { driver.window_handles.size == 3 }136          titles = {}137          driver.window_handles.each do |wh|138            driver.switch_to.window(wh) { titles[driver.title] = driver.window_handle }139          end140          handle = titles['We Arrive Here']141          driver.switch_to.window(handle)142          expect(driver.title).to eq('We Arrive Here')143        end144        it 'should iterate over open windows when current window is closed' do145          driver.navigate.to url_for('xhtmlTest.html')146          wait_for_element(link: 'Create a new anonymous window')147          driver.find_element(link: 'Create a new anonymous window').click148          wait.until { driver.window_handles.size == 2 }149          driver.find_element(link: 'Open new window').click150          wait.until { driver.window_handles.size == 3 }151          driver.close152          titles = {}153          driver.window_handles.each do |wh|154            driver.switch_to.window(wh) { titles[driver.title] = wh }155          end156          handle = titles['We Arrive Here']157          driver.switch_to.window(handle)158          expect(driver.title).to eq('We Arrive Here')159        end160      end161      it 'should switch to a window and execute a block when current window is closed' do162        driver.navigate.to url_for('xhtmlTest.html')163        driver.find_element(link: 'Open new window').click164        wait.until { driver.window_handles.size == 2 }165        driver.switch_to.window(new_window)166        wait.until { driver.title == 'We Arrive Here' }167        driver.close168        driver.switch_to.window(driver.window_handles.first) do169          wait.until { driver.title == 'XHTML Test Page' }170        end171        expect(driver.title).to eq('XHTML Test Page')172      end173      it 'should switch to default content' do174        driver.navigate.to url_for('iframes.html')175        driver.switch_to.frame 0176        driver.switch_to.default_content177        driver.find_element(id: 'iframe_page_heading')178      end179      # Edge BUG - https://connect.microsoft.com/IE/feedback/details/1850030180      describe 'alerts' do181        it 'allows the user to accept an alert' do182          driver.navigate.to url_for('alerts.html')...

user_operation_helper.rb

Source:user_operation_helper.rb

...35        def refresh(_)36          @driver.navigate.refresh37        end38        def switch_to_next_window(_)39          window_index = @driver.window_handles.index(@driver.window_handle)40          windows_number = @driver.window_handles.size41          unless window_index+1 == windows_number42            @driver.switch_to.window(@driver.window_handles[window_index+1])43          end44        end45        def switch_to_previous_window(_)46          window_index = @driver.window_handles.index(@driver.window_handle)47          @driver.switch_to.window(@driver.window_handles[window_index-1])48        end49        def switch_to_newest_window(_)50          @driver.switch_to.window(@driver.window_handles.last)51        end52        def switch_to_oldest_window(_)53          @driver.switch_to.window(@driver.window_handles.first)54        end55        def switch_to_the_window(args)56          # when the window successfully switched, return of switch_to.window is nil.57          wait_until_helper(5, 0.1, Selenium::WebDriver::Error::NoSuchWindowError) { @driver.switch_to.window(args[:window_name]).nil? }58        end59        # Close window60        def close(_)61          window_index = @driver.window_handles.index(@driver.window_handle)62          @driver.close63          @driver.switch_to.window(@driver.window_handles[window_index-1])64        end65        def stop(_)66          puts 'stop. press enter to continue'67          gets68        end69        def choose(args)70          option = wait_until_helper(5, 0.1, Selenium::WebDriver::Error::StaleElementReferenceError) { Selenium::WebDriver::Support::Select.new(@pages.get_part(args)) }71          if args.key?(:text)72            type = :text73            selected = args[type].to_s74          elsif args.key?(:value)75            type = :value76            selected = args[type].to_s77          elsif args.key?(:index)...

web_driver_utils.rb

Source:web_driver_utils.rb

...80  end81  def self.verify_external_link(driver, link, expected_page_title)82    begin83      link.click84      if driver.window_handles.length > 185        driver.switch_to.window driver.window_handles.last86        wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout => WebDriverUtils.page_load_timeout)87        wait.until { driver.find_element(:xpath => "//title[contains(.,'#{expected_page_title}')]") }88        true89      else90        logger.error('Link did not open in a new window')91        false92      end93    rescue94      false95    ensure96      if driver.window_handles.length > 197        # Handle any alert that might appear when opening the new window98        driver.switch_to.alert.accept rescue Selenium::WebDriver::Error::NoAlertPresentError99        driver.close100        # Handle any alert that might appear when closing the new window101        driver.switch_to.alert.accept rescue Selenium::WebDriver::Error::NoAlertPresentError102      end103      driver.switch_to.window driver.window_handles.first104    end105  end106end...

firefox_driver.rb

Source:firefox_driver.rb

...41      rescue Selenium::WebDriver::Error::NoSuchAlertError42        # Swallow43      end44    end45    switch_to_window(window_handles.first)46    window_handles.slice(1..).each { |win| close_window(win) }47    super48  end49  def refresh50    # Accept any "will repost content" confirmation that occurs51    accept_modal :confirm, wait: 0.1 do52      super53    end54  rescue Capybara::ModalNotFound55    # No modal was opened - page has refreshed - ignore56  end57  def switch_to_frame(frame)58    return super unless frame == :parent59    # geckodriver/firefox has an issue if the current frame is removed from within it60    # so we have to move to the default_content and iterate back through the frames...

testcase2_spec.rb

Source:testcase2_spec.rb

...10    @driver.quit11  end12  def wait_for_window(self, timeout = 2):13    sleep(round(timeout / 1000))14    wh_now = @driver.window_handles15    wh_then = @vars['window_handles']16    wh_now.find { |window| window != wh_then.first17  end18  it 'testcase2' do19    # Test name: Testcase220    # Step # | name | target | value21    # 1 | open | https://itmscoaching.herokuapp.com/switch-window?fbclid=IwAR3sjVTRQSHLelERm2a2YkXLkMAARbME8dvuIFHOg0IufS4_67G7MvTrOm0 | 22    @driver.get('https://itmscoaching.herokuapp.com/switch-window?fbclid=IwAR3sjVTRQSHLelERm2a2YkXLkMAARbME8dvuIFHOg0IufS4_67G7MvTrOm0')23    # 2 | setWindowSize | 1042x814 | 24    @driver.manage.resize_to(1042, 814)25    # 3 | click | id=new-tab-button | 26    @vars['window_handles'] = @driver.window_handles27    # 4 | storeWindowHandle | root | 28    @driver.find_element(:id, 'new-tab-button').click29    # 5 | selectWindow | handle=${win1454} | 30    @vars['win1454'] = wait_for_window(2000)31    # 6 | selectWindow | handle=${root} | 32    @vars['root'] = @driver.window_handle33    # 7 | click | id=alert-button | 34    @driver.switch_to.window(@vars['win1454'])35    # 8 | assertAlert | This is a test alert! | 36    @driver.switch_to.window(@vars['root'])37    @driver.find_element(:id, 'alert-button').click38    expect(@driver.switch_to.alert.text).to eq('This is a test alert!')39  end40end...

test_2.rb

Source:test_2.rb

...8  end9  it 'test' do10    @driver.get 'https://www.gmail.com'11    binding.pry12    window_handles = @driver.window_handles13    @driver.switch_to.window window_handles[1]14    Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome15    Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome16    binding.pry17  end18end19# driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome20# driver.get 'https://www.gmail.com'21# driver.manage.new_window(:window)22# driver.switch_to.window(driver.window_handles.last)...

window_handles

Using AI Code Generation

1driver.find_element(:name, 'q').send_keys 'Selenium WebDriver'2driver.find_element(:name, 'btnG').click3Selenium::WebDriver::Error::UnknownError: Unable to find element: {"method":"name","selector":"q"}4from UnknownError: Unable to find element: {"method":"name","selector":"q"}5    at Object.checkLegacyResponse (node_modules/selenium-webdriver/lib/error.js:505:15)6    at parseHttpResponse (node_modules/selenium-webdriver/lib/http.js:509:13)7    at Executor.execute (node_modules/selenium-webdriver/lib/http.js:435:26)8    at process._tickCallback (internal/process/next_tick.js:68:7)9driver.find_element(:name, 'q').send_keys 'Selenium WebDriver'10driver.find_element(:name, 'btnG').click

window_handles

Using AI Code Generation

1driver.find_element(:link_text, 'Gmail').click2driver.find_element(:link_text, 'Images').click3driver.find_element(:link_text, 'Gmail').click4driver.find_element(:link_text, 'Gmail').click5driver.find_element(:link_text, 'Images').click6driver.find_element(:link_text, 'Gmail').click7driver.find_element(:link_text, 'Gmail').click8driver.find_element(:link_text, 'Images').click9driver.find_element(:link_text, 'Gmail').click

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