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How to use _to_characters method in Testify

Best Python code snippet using Testify_python
assertions.py
Source:assertions.py
...192    describing their differences. If they're not strings, describe the193    differences in their `repr()`s.194    NOTE: Only works well for strings not containing newlines.195    """196    lhs = _to_characters(lhs)197    rhs = _to_characters(rhs)198    message = u'Diff:\nl: %s\nr: %s' % stringdiffer.highlight(lhs, rhs)199    # Python2 exceptions require bytes.200    if six.PY2:201        return message.encode('UTF-8')202    else:203        return message204def assert_equal(lval, rval, message=None):205    """Assert that lval and rval are equal."""206    if message:207        assert lval == rval, message208    else:209        assert lval == rval, \210            "assertion failed: l == r\nl: %r\nr: %r\n\n%s" % \211            (lval, rval, _diff_message(lval, rval))212assert_equals = assert_equal213def _get_msg(args, kwargs, suggestion):214    if args:215        raise TypeError(216            '`message` is kwargs only.  Perhaps you meant `{}`?'.format(217                suggestion,218            ),219        )220    message = kwargs.pop('message', None)221    if kwargs:222        raise TypeError('Unexpected kwargs {!r}'.format(kwargs))223    return message224def assert_truthy(lval, *args, **kwargs):225    """Assert that lval evaluates truthy, not identity."""226    message = _get_msg(args, kwargs, 'assert_equal')227    if message:228        assert lval, message229    else:230        assert lval, "assertion failed: l == r\nl: %r\nr: %r\n\n%s" % (231            lval, True, _diff_message(lval, True),232        )233def assert_falsey(lval, *args, **kwargs):234    """Assert that lval evaluates falsey, not identity."""235    message = _get_msg(args, kwargs, 'assert_not_equal')236    if message:237        assert not lval, message238    else:239        assert not lval, "assertion failed: l == r\nl: %r\nr: %r\n\n%s" % (240            lval, False, _diff_message(lval, False),241        )242def assert_almost_equal(lval, rval, digits, message=None):243    """Assert that lval and rval, when rounded to the specified number of digits, are the same."""244    real_message = message or "%r !~= %r" % (lval, rval)245    assert round(lval, digits) == round(rval, digits), real_message246def assert_within_tolerance(lval, rval, tolerance, message=None):247    """Assert that the difference between the two values, as a fraction of the left value, is smaller than the tolerance specified.248    That is, abs(float(lval) - float(rval)) / float(lval) < tolerance"""249    real_message = message or "%r !~= %r" % (lval, rval)250    assert abs(float(lval) - float(rval)) / float(lval) < tolerance, real_message251def assert_not_equal(lval, rval, message=None):252    """Assert that lval and rval are unequal to each other."""253    if message:254        assert lval != rval, message255    else:256        assert lval != rval, 'assertion failed: %r != %r' % (lval, rval)257def assert_lt(lval, rval, message=None):258    """Assert that lval is less than rval."""259    if message:260        assert lval < rval, message261    else:262        assert lval < rval, 'assertion failed: %r < %r' % (lval, rval)263def assert_lte(lval, rval, message=None):264    """Assert that lval is less than or equal to rval"""265    if message:266        assert lval <= rval, message267    else:268        assert lval <= rval, 'assertion failed: %r <= %r' % (lval, rval)269def assert_gt(lval, rval, message=None):270    """Assert that lval is greater than rval."""271    if message:272        assert lval > rval, message273    else:274        assert lval > rval, 'assertion failed: %r > %r' % (lval, rval)275def assert_gte(lval, rval, message=None):276    """Assert that lval is greater than or equal to rval"""277    if message:278        assert lval >= rval, message279    else:280        assert lval >= rval, 'assertion failed: %r >= %r' % (lval, rval)281def assert_in_range(val, start, end, message=None, inclusive=False):282    """Assert that val is greater than start and less than end. If inclusive is true, val may be equal to start or end."""283    if inclusive:284        real_message = message or "! %s <= %r <= %r" % (start, val, end)285        assert start <= val <= end, real_message286    else:287        real_message = message or "! %s < %r < %r" % (start, val, end)288        assert start < val < end, real_message289def assert_between(a, b, c):290    """Assert that b is between a and c, inclusive."""291    assert_in_range(b, a, c, inclusive=True)292def assert_in(item, sequence, message="assertion failed: expected %(item)r in %(sequence)r", msg=None):293    """Assert that the item is in the sequence."""294    if msg:295        warnings.warn("msg is deprecated", DeprecationWarning)296        message = msg297    assert item in sequence, message % {'item': item, 'sequence': sequence}298def assert_not_in(item, sequence, message="assertion failed: expected %(item)r not in %(sequence)r", msg=None):299    """Assert that the item is not in the sequence."""300    if msg:301        warnings.warn("msg is deprecated", DeprecationWarning)302        message = msg303    assert item not in sequence, message % {'item': item, 'sequence': sequence}304def assert_all_in(left, right):305    """Assert that everything in `left` is also in `right`306    Note: This is different than `assert_subset()` because python sets use307    `__hash__()` for comparision whereas `in` uses `__eq__()`.308    """309    unmatching = []310    for item in left:311        if item not in right:312            unmatching.append(item)313    if unmatching:314        raise AssertionError(315            'The following items were not found in %s: %s' % (right, unmatching)316        )317def assert_starts_with(val, prefix):318    """Assert that val.startswith(prefix)."""319    message = "%(val)r does not start with %(prefix)r" % locals()320    assert val.startswith(prefix), message321def assert_not_reached(message=None):322    """Raise an AssertionError with a message."""323    if message:324        assert False, message325    else:326        assert False, 'egads! this line ought not to have been reached'327def assert_rows_equal(rows1, rows2):328    """Check that two sequences contain the same lists of dictionaries"""329    def norm_row(row):330        if isinstance(row, dict):331            return tuple((k, row[k]) for k in sorted(row))332        else:333            return tuple(sorted(row))334    def norm_rows(rows):335        return tuple(sorted(norm_row(row) for row in rows))336    assert_equal(norm_rows(rows1), norm_rows(rows2))337def assert_empty(iterable, max_elements_to_print=None, message=None):338    """339    Assert that an iterable contains no values.340    Args:341        iterable - any iterable object342        max_elements_to_print - int or None, maximum number of elements from343            iterable to include in the error message. by default, includes all344            elements from iterables with a len(), and 10 elements otherwise.345            if max_elements_to_print is 0, no sample is printed.346        message - str or None, custom message to print if the iterable yields.347            a sample is appended to the end unless max_elements_to_print is 0.348    """349    # Determine whether or not we can print all of iterable, which could be350    # an infinite (or very slow) generator.351    if max_elements_to_print is None:352        try:353            max_elements_to_print = len(iterable)354        except TypeError:355            max_elements_to_print = 10356    # Build the message *before* touching iterable since that might modify it.357    message = message or "iterable {} was unexpectedly non-empty.".format(iterable)358    # Get the first max_elements_to_print + 1 items from iterable, or just359    # the first item if max_elements_to_print is 0.  Trying to get an360    # extra item by adding 1 to max_elements_to_print lets us tell whether361    # we got everything in iterator, regardless of if it has len() defined.362    if max_elements_to_print == 0:363        sample = list(islice(iterable, 0, 1))364    else:365        sample_plus_extra = list(islice(iterable, 0, max_elements_to_print + 1))366        sample_is_whole_iterable = len(sample_plus_extra) <= max_elements_to_print367        sample = sample_plus_extra[:max_elements_to_print]368        if sample_is_whole_iterable:369            message += ' elements: %s' % sample370        else:371            message += ' first %s elements: %s' % (len(sample), sample)372    assert len(sample) == 0, message373def assert_not_empty(iterable, message=None):374    """375    Assert that an iterable is not empty (by trying to loop over it).376    Args:377        iterable - any iterable object378        message - str or None, message to print if the iterable doesn't yield379    """380    for value in iterable:381        break382    else:383        # The else clause of a for loop is reached iff you break out of the loop.384        raise AssertionError(message if message else385                             "iterable {} is unexpectedly empty".format(iterable)386                             )387def assert_length(sequence, expected, message=None):388    """Assert a sequence or iterable has an expected length."""389    message = message or "%(sequence)s has length %(length)s expected %(expected)s"390    length = len(list(sequence))391    assert length == expected, message % locals()392def assert_call(turtle, call_idx, *args, **kwargs):393    """Assert that a function was called on turtle with the correct args."""394    actual = turtle.calls[call_idx] if turtle.calls else None395    message = "Call %s expected %s, was %s" % (call_idx, (args, kwargs), actual)396    assert actual == (args, kwargs), message397def assert_is(left, right, message="expected %(left)r is %(right)r", msg=None):398    """Assert that left and right are the same object"""399    if msg:400        warnings.warn("msg is deprecated", DeprecationWarning)401        message = msg402    assert left is right, message % {'left': left, 'right': right}403def assert_is_not(left, right, message="expected %(left)r is not %(right)r", msg=None):404    """Assert that left and right are NOT the same object"""405    if msg:406        warnings.warn("msg is deprecated", DeprecationWarning)407        message = msg408    assert left is not right, message % {'left': left, 'right': right}409def assert_all_match_regex(pattern, values, message="expected %(value)r to match %(pattern)r", msg=None):410    """Assert that all values in an iterable match a regex pattern.411    Args:412    pattern -- a regex.413    values -- an iterable of values to test.414    Raises AssertionError if any value does not match.415    """416    if msg:417        warnings.warn("msg is deprecated", DeprecationWarning)418        message = msg419    for value in values:420        assert re.match(pattern, value), message % {'value': value, 'pattern': pattern}421def assert_match_regex(pattern, value, *args, **kwargs):422    """Assert that a single value matches a regex pattern."""423    assert_all_match_regex(pattern, [value], *args, **kwargs)424def assert_any_match_regex(pattern, values, message="expected at least one %(values)r to match %(pattern)r", msg=None):425    """Assert that at least one value in an iterable matches a regex pattern.426    Args:427    pattern -- a regex.428    values -- an iterable of values to test.429    Raises AssertionError if all values don't match.430    """431    if msg:432        warnings.warn("msg is deprecated", DeprecationWarning)433        message = msg434    for value in values:435        if re.match(pattern, value) is not None:436            return437    raise AssertionError(message % {'values': values, 'pattern': pattern})438def assert_all_not_match_regex(pattern, values, message="expected %(value)r to not match %(pattern)r", msg=None):439    """Assert that all values don't match a regex pattern.440    Args:441    pattern -- a regex.442    values -- an iterable of values to test.443    Raises AssertionError if any values matches.444    """445    if msg:446        warnings.warn("msg is deprecated", DeprecationWarning)447        message = msg448    for value in values:449        assert not re.match(pattern, value), message % {'value': value, 'pattern': pattern}450def assert_sets_equal(451        left,452        right,453        message="expected %(left)r == %(right)r [left has:%(extra_left)r, right has:%(extra_right)r]",454        msg=None,455):456    """Assert that two sets are equal."""457    if msg:458        warnings.warn("msg is deprecated", DeprecationWarning)459        message = msg460    if left != right:461        extra_left = left - right462        extra_right = right - left463        raise AssertionError(message % {464            'left': left,465            'right': right,466            'extra_left': extra_left,467            'extra_right': extra_right,468        })469def assert_dicts_equal(470        left,471        right,472        ignore_keys=None,473        message="expected %(left)r == %(right)r [left has:%(extra_left)r, right has:%(extra_right)r]",474        msg=None,475):476    """Assert that two dictionarys are equal (optionally ignoring certain keys)."""477    if msg:478        warnings.warn("msg is deprecated", DeprecationWarning)479        message = msg480    if ignore_keys is not None:481        left = {k: left[k] for k in left if k not in ignore_keys}482        right = {k: right[k] for k in right if k not in ignore_keys}483    if left == right:484        return485    extra_left = _dict_subtract(left, right)486    extra_right = _dict_subtract(right, left)487    raise AssertionError(message % {488        'left': left,489        'right': right,490        'extra_left': extra_left,491        'extra_right': extra_right,492    })493def assert_dict_subset(left, right, message="expected [subset has:%(extra_left)r, superset has:%(extra_right)s]", msg=None):494    """Assert that a dictionary is a strict subset of another dictionary (both keys and values)."""495    if msg:496        warnings.warn("msg is deprecated", DeprecationWarning)497        message = msg498    difference_dict = _dict_subtract(left, right)499    if not difference_dict:500        return501    extra_left = difference_dict502    small_right = {k: right[k] for k in right if k in left.keys()}503    extra_right = _dict_subtract(small_right, left)504    raise AssertionError(message % {505        'left': left,506        'right': right,507        'extra_left': extra_left,508        'extra_right': extra_right,509    })510def assert_subset(left, right, message="expected %(set_left)r <= %(set_right)r [left has:%(extra)r]", msg=None):511    """Assert that the left set is a subset of the right set."""512    if msg:513        warnings.warn("msg is deprecated", DeprecationWarning)514        message = msg515    set_left = set(left)516    set_right = set(right)517    if not (set_left <= set_right):518        extra = set_left - set_right519        raise AssertionError(message % {520            'left': left,521            'right': right,522            'set_left': set_left,523            'set_right': set_right,524            'extra': extra,525        })526def assert_list_prefix(left, right):527    """Assert that the left list is a prefix of the right list."""528    assert_equal(left, right[:len(left)])529def assert_sorted_equal(left, right, **kwargs):530    """Assert equality, but without respect to ordering of elements. Basically for multisets."""531    assert_equal(sorted(left), sorted(right), **kwargs)532def assert_isinstance(object_, type_):533    """Assert that an object is an instance of a given type."""534    assert isinstance(object_, type_), "Expected type %r but got type %r" % (type_, type(object_))535def assert_datetimes_equal(a, b):536    """Tests for equality of times by only testing up to the millisecond."""537    assert_equal(a.utctimetuple()[:-3], b.utctimetuple()[:-3], "%r != %r" % (a, b))538def assert_exactly_one(*args, **kwargs):539    """Assert that only one of the given arguments passes the provided truthy function (non-None by default).540    Args:541        truthy_fxn: a filter to redefine truthy behavior. Should take an object and return542        True if desired conditions are satisfied. For example:543        >>> assert_exactly_one(True, False, truthy_fxn=bool) # Success544        True545        >>> assert_exactly_one(0, None) # Success546        0547        >>> assert_exactly_one(True, False)548        Traceback (most recent call last):549            ...550        AssertionError: Expected exactly one True (got 2) args: (True, False)551    Returns:552        The argument that passes the truthy function553    """554    truthy_fxn = kwargs.pop('truthy_fxn', lambda x: x is not None)555    assert not kwargs, "Unexpected kwargs: %r" % kwargs556    true_args = [arg for arg in args if truthy_fxn(arg)]557    if len(true_args) != 1:558        raise AssertionError("Expected exactly one True (got %d) args: %r" % (len(true_args), args))559    return true_args[0]560@contextlib.contextmanager561def _assert_warns_context_manager(warning_class=None, warnings_test=None):562    """563    Builds a context manager for testing code that should throw a warning.564    This will look for a given class, call a custom test, or both.565    Args:566        warning_class - a class or subclass of Warning. If not None, then567            the context manager will raise an AssertionError if the block568            does not throw at least one warning of that type.569        warnings_test - a function which takes a list of warnings caught,570            and makes a number of assertions about the result. If the function571            returns without an exception, the context manager will consider572            this a successful assertion.573    """574    with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as caught:575        # All warnings should be triggered.576        warnings.resetwarnings()577        if warning_class:578            warnings.simplefilter('ignore')579            warnings.simplefilter('always', category=warning_class)580        else:581            warnings.simplefilter('always')582        # Do something that ought to trigger a warning.583        yield584        # We should have received at least one warning.585        assert_gt(len(caught), 0, 'expected at least one warning to be thrown')586        # Run the custom test against the warnings we caught.587        if warnings_test:588            warnings_test(caught)589def assert_warns(warning_class=None, callable=None, *args, **kwargs):590    """Assert that the given warning class is thrown as a context manager591    or by passing in a callable and its arguments.592    As a context manager:593    >>> with assert_warns():594    ...     warnings.warn('Hey!')595    Passing in a callable:596    >>> def throw_warning():597    ...     warnings.warn('Hey!')598    >>> assert_warns(UserWarning, throw_warning)599    """600    if callable is None:601        return _assert_warns_context_manager(warning_class=warning_class)602    else:603        with _assert_warns_context_manager(warning_class=warning_class):604            callable(*args, **kwargs)605def assert_warns_such_that(warnings_test, callable=None, *args, **kwargs):606    """607    Assert that the given warnings_test function returns True when608    called with a full list of warnings that were generated by either609    a code block (when this is used as a context manager in a `with` statement)610    or the given callable (when called with the appropriate args and kwargs).611    As a context manager:612    >>> def two_warnings_thrown(warnings):613    ...     assert len(warnings) == 2614    >>> with assert_warns_such_that(two_warnings_thrown):615    ...     warnings.warn('Hey!')616    ...     warnings.warn('Seriously!')617    Passing in a callable:618    >>> def throw_warnings(count):619    ...     for n in range(count):620    ...         warnings.warn('Warning #%i' % n)621    >>> assert_warns_such_that(two_warnings_thrown, throw_warnings, 2)622    """623    if callable is None:624        return _assert_warns_context_manager(warnings_test=warnings_test)625    else:626        with _assert_warns_context_manager(warnings_test=warnings_test):627            callable(*args, **kwargs)628def _to_characters(x):629    """Return characters that represent the object `x`, come hell or high water."""630    if isinstance(x, six.text_type):631        return x632    try:633        return six.text_type(x, 'UTF-8')634    except UnicodeDecodeError:635        return six.text_type(x, 'latin1')636    except TypeError:637        # We're only allowed to specify an encoding for str values, for whatever reason.638        try:639            return six.text_type(x)640        except UnicodeDecodeError:641            # You get this (for example) when an error object contains utf8 bytes.642            try:...
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