Unlock 30% off on Manual Testing Annual Plans this Holiday Season.

Copied to Clipboard!

How to use randRange method of prog Package

Best Syzkaller code snippet using prog.randRange

rand.go

Source:rand.go

...24}25func (r *randGen) rand(n int) uint64 {26	return uint64(r.Intn(n))27}28func (r *randGen) randRange(begin, end uint64) uint64 {29	return begin + uint64(r.Intn(int(end-begin+1)))30}31func (r *randGen) bin() bool {32	return r.Intn(2) == 033}34func (r *randGen) oneOf(n int) bool {35	return r.Intn(n) == 036}37func (r *randGen) rand64() uint64 {38	v := uint64(r.Int63())39	if r.bin() {40		v |= 1 << 6341	}42	return v43}44// Some potentially interesting integers.45var specialInts = []uint64{46	0, 1, 31, 32, 63, 64, 127, 128,47	129, 255, 256, 257, 511, 512,48	1023, 1024, 1025, 2047, 2048, 4095, 4096,49	(1 << 15) - 1, (1 << 15), (1 << 15) + 1,50	(1 << 16) - 1, (1 << 16), (1 << 16) + 1,51	(1 << 31) - 1, (1 << 31), (1 << 31) + 1,52	(1 << 32) - 1, (1 << 32), (1 << 32) + 1,53}54func (r *randGen) randInt() uint64 {55	v := r.rand64()56	switch {57	case r.nOutOf(100, 182):58		v %= 1059	case r.nOutOf(50, 82):60		v = specialInts[r.Intn(len(specialInts))]61	case r.nOutOf(10, 32):62		v %= 25663	case r.nOutOf(10, 22):64		v %= 4 << 1065	case r.nOutOf(10, 12):66		v %= 64 << 1067	default:68		v %= 1 << 3169	}70	switch {71	case r.nOutOf(100, 107):72	case r.nOutOf(5, 7):73		v = uint64(-int64(v))74	default:75		v <<= uint(r.Intn(63))76	}77	return v78}79func (r *randGen) randRangeInt(begin uint64, end uint64) uint64 {80	if r.oneOf(100) {81		return r.randInt()82	}83	return begin + (r.Uint64() % (end - begin + 1))84}85// biasedRand returns a random int in range [0..n),86// probability of n-1 is k times higher than probability of 0.87func (r *randGen) biasedRand(n, k int) int {88	nf, kf := float64(n), float64(k)89	rf := nf * (kf/2 + 1) * r.Float64()90	bf := (-1 + math.Sqrt(1+2*kf*rf/nf)) * nf / kf91	return int(bf)92}93func (r *randGen) randArrayLen() uint64 {94	const maxLen = 1095	// biasedRand produces: 10, 9, ..., 1, 0,96	// we want: 1, 2, ..., 9, 10, 097	return uint64(maxLen-r.biasedRand(maxLen+1, 10)+1) % (maxLen + 1)98}99func (r *randGen) randBufLen() (n uint64) {100	switch {101	case r.nOutOf(50, 56):102		n = r.rand(256)103	case r.nOutOf(5, 6):104		n = 4 << 10105	}106	return107}108func (r *randGen) randPageCount() (n uint64) {109	switch {110	case r.nOutOf(100, 106):111		n = r.rand(4) + 1112	case r.nOutOf(5, 6):113		n = r.rand(20) + 1114	default:115		n = (r.rand(3) + 1) * 512116	}117	return118}119func (r *randGen) flags(vv []uint64) (v uint64) {120	switch {121	case r.nOutOf(90, 111):122		for stop := false; !stop; stop = r.bin() {123			v |= vv[r.rand(len(vv))]124		}125	case r.nOutOf(10, 21):126		v = vv[r.rand(len(vv))]127	case r.nOutOf(10, 11):128		v = 0129	default:130		v = r.rand64()131	}132	return133}134func (r *randGen) filename(s *state, typ *BufferType) string {135	fn := r.filenameImpl(s)136	if !typ.Varlen() {137		size := typ.Size()138		if uint64(len(fn)) < size {139			fn += string(make([]byte, size-uint64(len(fn))))140		}141		fn = fn[:size]142	}143	return fn144}145func (r *randGen) filenameImpl(s *state) string {146	dir := "."147	if r.oneOf(2) && len(s.files) != 0 {148		files := make([]string, 0, len(s.files))149		for f := range s.files {150			files = append(files, f)151		}152		dir = files[r.Intn(len(files))]153		if len(dir) > 0 && dir[len(dir)-1] == 0 {154			dir = dir[:len(dir)-1]155		}156	}157	if len(s.files) == 0 || r.oneOf(10) {158		// Generate a new name.159		for i := 0; ; i++ {160			f := fmt.Sprintf("%v/file%v\x00", dir, i)161			if !s.files[f] {162				return f163			}164		}165	}166	files := make([]string, 0, len(s.files))167	for f := range s.files {168		files = append(files, f)169	}170	return files[r.Intn(len(files))]171}172func (r *randGen) randString(s *state, t *BufferType) []byte {173	if len(t.Values) != 0 {174		return []byte(t.Values[r.Intn(len(t.Values))])175	}176	if len(s.strings) != 0 && r.bin() {177		// Return an existing string.178		// TODO(dvyukov): make s.strings indexed by string SubKind.179		strings := make([]string, 0, len(s.strings))180		for s := range s.strings {181			strings = append(strings, s)182		}183		return []byte(strings[r.Intn(len(strings))])184	}185	punct := []byte{'!', '@', '#', '$', '%', '^', '&', '*', '(', ')', '-', '+', '\\',186		'/', ':', '.', ',', '-', '\'', '[', ']', '{', '}'}187	buf := new(bytes.Buffer)188	for r.nOutOf(3, 4) {189		switch {190		case r.nOutOf(10, 21):191			dict := r.target.StringDictionary192			if len(dict) != 0 {193				buf.WriteString(dict[r.Intn(len(dict))])194			}195		case r.nOutOf(10, 11):196			buf.Write([]byte{punct[r.Intn(len(punct))]})197		default:198			buf.Write([]byte{byte(r.Intn(256))})199		}200	}201	if r.oneOf(100) == t.NoZ {202		buf.Write([]byte{0})203	}204	return buf.Bytes()205}206func (r *randGen) allocAddr(s *state, typ Type, size uint64, data Arg) *PointerArg {207	return MakePointerArg(typ, s.ma.alloc(r, size), data)208}209func (r *randGen) allocVMA(s *state, typ Type, numPages uint64) *PointerArg {210	page := s.va.alloc(r, numPages)211	return MakeVmaPointerArg(typ, page*r.target.PageSize, numPages*r.target.PageSize)212}213func (r *randGen) createResource(s *state, res *ResourceType) (arg Arg, calls []*Call) {214	if r.inCreateResource {215		special := res.SpecialValues()216		return MakeResultArg(res, nil, special[r.Intn(len(special))]), nil217	}218	r.inCreateResource = true219	defer func() { r.inCreateResource = false }()220	kind := res.Desc.Name221	if r.oneOf(1000) {222		// Spoof resource subkind.223		var all []string224		for kind1 := range r.target.resourceMap {225			if r.target.isCompatibleResource(res.Desc.Kind[0], kind1) {226				all = append(all, kind1)227			}228		}229		kind = all[r.Intn(len(all))]230	}231	// Find calls that produce the necessary resources.232	metas0 := r.target.resourceCtors[kind]233	// TODO: reduce priority of less specialized ctors.234	var metas []*Syscall235	for _, meta := range metas0 {236		if s.ct == nil || s.ct.run[meta.ID] == nil {237			continue238		}239		metas = append(metas, meta)240	}241	if len(metas) == 0 {242		return MakeResultArg(res, nil, res.Default()), nil243	}244	// Now we have a set of candidate calls that can create the necessary resource.245	for i := 0; i < 1e3; i++ {246		// Generate one of them.247		meta := metas[r.Intn(len(metas))]248		calls := r.generateParticularCall(s, meta)249		s1 := newState(r.target, s.ct)250		s1.analyze(calls[len(calls)-1])251		// Now see if we have what we want.252		var allres []Arg253		for kind1, res1 := range s1.resources {254			if r.target.isCompatibleResource(kind, kind1) {255				allres = append(allres, res1...)256			}257		}258		if len(allres) != 0 {259			// Bingo!260			arg := MakeResultArg(res, allres[r.Intn(len(allres))], 0)261			return arg, calls262		}263		// Discard unsuccessful calls.264		// Note: s.ma/va have already noted allocations of the new objects265		// in discarded syscalls, ideally we should recreate state266		// by analyzing the program again.267		for _, c := range calls {268			ForeachArg(c, func(arg Arg, _ *ArgCtx) {269				if a, ok := arg.(*ResultArg); ok && a.Res != nil {270					delete(*a.Res.(ArgUsed).Used(), arg)271				}272			})273		}274	}275	// Generally we can loop several times, e.g. when we choose a call that returns276	// the resource in an array, but then generateArg generated that array of zero length.277	// But we must succeed eventually.278	var ctors []string279	for _, meta := range metas {280		ctors = append(ctors, meta.Name)281	}282	panic(fmt.Sprintf("failed to create a resource %v with %v",283		res.Desc.Kind[0], strings.Join(ctors, ", ")))284}285func (r *randGen) generateText(kind TextKind) []byte {286	switch kind {287	case Text_arm64:288		// Just a stub, need something better.289		text := make([]byte, 50)290		for i := range text {291			text[i] = byte(r.Intn(256))292		}293		return text294	default:295		cfg := createIfuzzConfig(kind)296		return ifuzz.Generate(cfg, r.Rand)297	}298}299func (r *randGen) mutateText(kind TextKind, text []byte) []byte {300	switch kind {301	case Text_arm64:302		return mutateData(r, text, 40, 60)303	default:304		cfg := createIfuzzConfig(kind)305		return ifuzz.Mutate(cfg, r.Rand, text)306	}307}308func createIfuzzConfig(kind TextKind) *ifuzz.Config {309	cfg := &ifuzz.Config{310		Len:  10,311		Priv: true,312		Exec: true,313		MemRegions: []ifuzz.MemRegion{314			{0 << 12, 1 << 12},315			{1 << 12, 1 << 12},316			{2 << 12, 1 << 12},317			{3 << 12, 1 << 12},318			{4 << 12, 1 << 12},319			{5 << 12, 1 << 12},320			{6 << 12, 1 << 12},321			{7 << 12, 1 << 12},322			{8 << 12, 1 << 12},323			{9 << 12, 1 << 12},324			{0xfec00000, 0x100}, // ioapic325		},326	}327	switch kind {328	case Text_x86_real:329		cfg.Mode = ifuzz.ModeReal16330	case Text_x86_16:331		cfg.Mode = ifuzz.ModeProt16332	case Text_x86_32:333		cfg.Mode = ifuzz.ModeProt32334	case Text_x86_64:335		cfg.Mode = ifuzz.ModeLong64336	}337	return cfg338}339// nOutOf returns true n out of outOf times.340func (r *randGen) nOutOf(n, outOf int) bool {341	if n <= 0 || n >= outOf {342		panic("bad probability")343	}344	v := r.Intn(outOf)345	return v < n346}347func (r *randGen) generateCall(s *state, p *Prog) []*Call {348	idx := 0349	if s.ct == nil {350		idx = r.Intn(len(r.target.Syscalls))351	} else {352		// å¦æp.callä¸ºç©ºï¼é£ä¹éæºéæ©ä¸ä¸ªå½æ°ï¼å¦åä»ç°æçå½æ°ä¸éæºéæ©ä¸ä¸ªå½æ°ï¼353		// æ ¹æ®è¿ä¸ªå½æ°çä¼åçº§åè¡¨éæºçæå½æ°ï¼354		call := -1355		if len(p.Calls) != 0 {356			call = p.Calls[r.Intn(len(p.Calls))].Meta.ID357		}358		idx = s.ct.Choose(r.Rand, call)359	}360	meta := r.target.Syscalls[idx]361	return r.generateParticularCall(s, meta)362}363func (r *randGen) myGenerateCall(s *state, p *Prog) []*Call {364	idx := 0365	if s.ct == nil {366		idx = r.Intn(len(r.target.Syscalls))367	} else {368		// å¦æp.callä¸ºç©ºï¼é£ä¹éæºéæ©ä¸ä¸ªå½æ°ï¼å¦åä»ç°æçå½æ°ä¸éæºéæ©ä¸ä¸ªå½æ°ï¼369		// æ ¹æ®è¿ä¸ªå½æ°çä¼åçº§åè¡¨éæºçæå½æ°ï¼370		call := -1371		if len(p.Calls) != 0 {372			// éæ©æåä¸ä¸ªå½æ°373			call = p.Calls[len(p.Calls)-1].Meta.ID374		}375		// å¨ä¸º0ï¼éæ°éæ©å½æ°376		if call != -1 && s.ct.run[call][len(r.target.Syscalls)-1] == 0 {377			call = -1378		}379		// ä»éæ©çå½æ°ä¸éæ©ä¸ä¸ä¸ªå½æ°çä¸æ 380		idx = s.ct.MyChoose(r.Rand, call)381	}382	meta := r.target.Syscalls[idx]383	return r.generateParticularCall(s, meta)384}385func (r *randGen) generateParticularCall(s *state, meta *Syscall) (calls []*Call) {386	c := &Call{387		Meta: meta,388		Ret:  MakeReturnArg(meta.Ret),389	}390	c.Args, calls = r.generateArgs(s, meta.Args)391	r.target.assignSizesCall(c)392	calls = append(calls, c)393	for _, c1 := range calls {394		r.target.SanitizeCall(c1)395	}396	return calls397}398// GenerateAllSyzProg generates a program that contains all pseudo syz_ calls for testing.399func (target *Target) GenerateAllSyzProg(rs rand.Source) *Prog {400	p := &Prog{401		Target: target,402	}403	r := newRand(target, rs)404	s := newState(target, nil)405	handled := make(map[string]bool)406	for _, meta := range target.Syscalls {407		if !strings.HasPrefix(meta.CallName, "syz_") || handled[meta.CallName] {408			continue409		}410		handled[meta.CallName] = true411		calls := r.generateParticularCall(s, meta)412		for _, c := range calls {413			s.analyze(c)414			p.Calls = append(p.Calls, c)415		}416	}417	if err := p.validate(); err != nil {418		panic(err)419	}420	return p421}422// GenerateSimpleProg generates the simplest non-empty program for testing423// (e.g. containing a single mmap).424func (target *Target) GenerateSimpleProg() *Prog {425	return &Prog{426		Target: target,427		Calls:  []*Call{target.MakeMmap(0, target.PageSize)},428	}429}430func (target *Target) GenerateUberMmapProg() *Prog {431	return &Prog{432		Target: target,433		Calls:  []*Call{target.MakeMmap(0, target.NumPages*target.PageSize)},434	}435}436func (r *randGen) generateArgs(s *state, types []Type) ([]Arg, []*Call) {437	var calls []*Call438	args := make([]Arg, len(types))439	// Generate all args. Size args have the default value 0 for now.440	for i, typ := range types {441		arg, calls1 := r.generateArg(s, typ)442		if arg == nil {443			panic(fmt.Sprintf("generated arg is nil for type '%v', types: %+v", typ.Name(), types))444		}445		args[i] = arg446		calls = append(calls, calls1...)447	}448	return args, calls449}450func (r *randGen) generateArg(s *state, typ Type) (arg Arg, calls []*Call) {451	return r.generateArgImpl(s, typ, false)452}453func (r *randGen) generateArgImpl(s *state, typ Type, ignoreSpecial bool) (arg Arg, calls []*Call) {454	if typ.Dir() == DirOut {455		// No need to generate something interesting for output scalar arguments.456		// But we still need to generate the argument itself so that it can be referenced457		// in subsequent calls. For the same reason we do generate pointer/array/struct458		// output arguments (their elements can be referenced in subsequent calls).459		switch typ.(type) {460		case *IntType, *FlagsType, *ConstType, *ProcType,461			*VmaType, *ResourceType:462			return r.target.defaultArg(typ), nil463		}464	}465	if typ.Optional() && r.oneOf(5) {466		return r.target.defaultArg(typ), nil467	}468	// Allow infinite recursion for optional pointers.469	if pt, ok := typ.(*PtrType); ok && typ.Optional() {470		switch pt.Type.(type) {471		case *StructType, *ArrayType, *UnionType:472			name := pt.Type.Name()473			r.recDepth[name]++474			defer func() {475				r.recDepth[name]--476				if r.recDepth[name] == 0 {477					delete(r.recDepth, name)478				}479			}()480			if r.recDepth[name] >= 3 {481				return MakeNullPointerArg(typ), nil482			}483		}484	}485	switch a := typ.(type) {486	case *ResourceType:487		switch {488		case r.nOutOf(1000, 1011):489			// Get an existing resource.490			var allres []Arg491			for name1, res1 := range s.resources {492				if name1 == "iocbptr" {493					continue494				}495				if r.target.isCompatibleResource(a.Desc.Name, name1) ||496					r.oneOf(20) && r.target.isCompatibleResource(a.Desc.Kind[0], name1) {497					allres = append(allres, res1...)498				}499			}500			if len(allres) != 0 {501				arg = MakeResultArg(a, allres[r.Intn(len(allres))], 0)502			} else {503				arg, calls = r.createResource(s, a)504			}505		case r.nOutOf(10, 11):506			// Create a new resource.507			arg, calls = r.createResource(s, a)508		default:509			special := a.SpecialValues()510			arg = MakeResultArg(a, nil, special[r.Intn(len(special))])511		}512		return arg, calls513	case *BufferType:514		switch a.Kind {515		case BufferBlobRand, BufferBlobRange:516			sz := r.randBufLen()517			if a.Kind == BufferBlobRange {518				sz = r.randRange(a.RangeBegin, a.RangeEnd)519			}520			if a.Dir() == DirOut {521				return MakeOutDataArg(a, sz), nil522			}523			data := make([]byte, sz)524			for i := range data {525				data[i] = byte(r.Intn(256))526			}527			return MakeDataArg(a, data), nil528		case BufferString:529			data := r.randString(s, a)530			if a.Dir() == DirOut {531				return MakeOutDataArg(a, uint64(len(data))), nil532			}533			return MakeDataArg(a, data), nil534		case BufferFilename:535			if a.Dir() == DirOut {536				var sz uint64537				switch {538				case !a.Varlen():539					sz = a.Size()540				case r.nOutOf(1, 3):541					sz = r.rand(100)542				case r.nOutOf(1, 2):543					sz = 108 // UNIX_PATH_MAX544				default:545					sz = 4096 // PATH_MAX546				}547				return MakeOutDataArg(a, sz), nil548			}549			return MakeDataArg(a, []byte(r.filename(s, a))), nil550		case BufferText:551			if a.Dir() == DirOut {552				return MakeOutDataArg(a, uint64(r.Intn(100))), nil553			}554			return MakeDataArg(a, r.generateText(a.Text)), nil555		default:556			panic("unknown buffer kind")557		}558	case *VmaType:559		npages := r.randPageCount()560		if a.RangeBegin != 0 || a.RangeEnd != 0 {561			npages = a.RangeBegin + uint64(r.Intn(int(a.RangeEnd-a.RangeBegin+1)))562		}563		arg := r.allocVMA(s, a, npages)564		return arg, nil565	case *FlagsType:566		return MakeConstArg(a, r.flags(a.Vals)), nil567	case *ConstType:568		return MakeConstArg(a, a.Val), nil569	case *IntType:570		v := r.randInt()571		switch a.Kind {572		case IntFileoff:573			switch {574			case r.nOutOf(90, 101):575				v = 0576			case r.nOutOf(10, 11):577				v = r.rand(100)578			default:579				v = r.randInt()580			}581		case IntRange:582			v = r.randRangeInt(a.RangeBegin, a.RangeEnd)583		}584		return MakeConstArg(a, v), nil585	case *ProcType:586		return MakeConstArg(a, r.rand(int(a.ValuesPerProc))), nil587	case *ArrayType:588		var count uint64589		switch a.Kind {590		case ArrayRandLen:591			count = r.randArrayLen()592		case ArrayRangeLen:593			count = r.randRange(a.RangeBegin, a.RangeEnd)594		}595		var inner []Arg596		var calls []*Call597		for i := uint64(0); i < count; i++ {598			arg1, calls1 := r.generateArg(s, a.Type)599			inner = append(inner, arg1)600			calls = append(calls, calls1...)601		}602		return MakeGroupArg(a, inner), calls603	case *StructType:604		if !ignoreSpecial {605			if gen := r.target.SpecialTypes[a.Name()]; gen != nil && a.Dir() != DirOut {606				arg, calls = gen(&Gen{r, s}, a, nil)607				return...

randRange

Using AI Code Generation

1import (2func main() {3    rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())4    for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {5        fmt.Println(randRange(1, 10))6    }7}8import (9func randRange(min, max int) int {10    return rand.Intn(max-min) + min11}

randRange

Using AI Code Generation

1import (2type prog struct {3}4func (p *prog) randRange(min, max int) int {5	rand.Seed(time.Now().Unix())6	return rand.Intn(max-min) + min7}8func main() {9	p := prog{}10	fmt.Println(p.randRange(1, 10))11}

randRange

Using AI Code Generation

1import "fmt"2import "math/rand"3import "time"4func main() {5    fmt.Println(randRange(10, 20))6}7func randRange(min, max int) int {8    rand.Seed(time.Now().Unix())9    return rand.Intn(max-min) + min10}

randRange

Using AI Code Generation

1import (2func main() {3	rand.Seed(time.Now().Unix())4	fmt.Println(randRange(1, 100))5}6func randRange(min, max int) int {7	return rand.Intn(max-min) + min8}9import (10func main() {11	rand.Seed(time.Now().Unix())12	fmt.Println(randRange(1, 100))13}14func randRange(min, max int) int {15	return rand.Intn(max-min) + min16}17import (18func main() {19	rand.Seed(time.Now().Unix())20	fmt.Println(randRange(1, 100))21}22func randRange(min, max int) int {23	return rand.Intn(max-min) + min24}25import (26func main() {27	rand.Seed(time.Now().Unix())28	fmt.Println(randRange(1, 100))29}

randRange

Using AI Code Generation

1import (2func main() {3        num = prog.RandRange(1, 10)4        fmt.Println("Random number between 1 and 10:", num)5}6import (7func RandRange(min, max int) int {8        rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())9        return rand.Intn(max-min) + min10}

randRange

Using AI Code Generation

1import (2func main() {3	rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())4	fmt.Println("Random number in range 0-10:", randRange(0, 10))5	fmt.Println("Random number in range 0-100:", randRange(0, 100))6	fmt.Println("Random number in range 0-500:", randRange(0, 500))7	fmt.Println("Random number in range 0-10000:", randRange(0, 10000))8}9import "math/rand"10func randRange(min, max int) int {11	return rand.Intn(max-min) + min12}

randRange

Using AI Code Generation

1import "fmt"2import "math/rand"3import "time"4func main() {5    rand.Seed(time.Now().Unix())6    fmt.Println(randRange(1, 10))7}8import "fmt"9import "math/rand"10import "time"11func main() {12    rand.Seed(time.Now().Unix())13    fmt.Println(randRange(1, 10))14}15import "fmt"16import "math/rand"17import "time"18func main() {19    rand.Seed(time.Now().Unix())20    fmt.Println(randRange(1, 10))21}22import "fmt"23import "math/rand"24import "time"25func main() {26    rand.Seed(time.Now().Unix())27    fmt.Println(randRange(1, 10))28}29import "fmt"30import "math/rand"31import "time"32func main() {33    rand.Seed(time.Now().Unix())34    fmt.Println(randRange(1, 10))35}36import "fmt"37import "math/rand"38import "time"39func main() {40    rand.Seed(time.Now().Unix())41    fmt.Println(randRange(1, 10))42}43import "fmt"44import "math/rand"45import "time"

randRange

Using AI Code Generation

1import (2func main() {3	prog1.randRange(1, 100)4	prog1.randRange(1, 100)5	prog1.randRange(1, 100)6}7import (8type prog struct {9}

Automation Testing Tutorials

Learn to execute automation testing from scratch with LambdaTest Learning Hub. Right from setting up the prerequisites to run your first automation test, to following best practices and diving deeper into advanced test scenarios. LambdaTest Learning Hubs compile a list of step-by-step guides to help you be proficient with different test automation frameworks i.e. Selenium, Cypress, TestNG etc.